Wastewater Treatment Plants Release Large Amounts of Extended-Spectrum β-Lactamase-Producing Escherichia coli Into the Environment
Wastewater Treatment Plants Release Large Amounts of Extended-Spectrum β-Lactamase-Producing Escherichia coli Into the Environment
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DOI：
10.1093/cid/ciu190
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发表时间：
2014-06-15
影响因子：
11.8
通讯作者：
Bertrand, Xavier
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Brechet, Caroline;Plantin, Julie;Bertrand, Xavier
背景产超广谱β-内酰胺酶大肠埃希菌（ESBLEC）在社区中传播的决定因素尚不清楚。为了评估其在环境中的传播，我们分析了ESBLEC人口在整个城市wastewater network.Methods。aEuro积分样品收集每周，在10周的时间内，从11个地点在整个废水网络的贝桑双匕首城市（法国）。总大肠大肠杆菌和ESBLEC负荷测定每个样品。作为对照，我们分析了在我们医院收集的51株临床ESBLEC分离株。我们采用脉冲场凝胶电泳和多位点序列分型技术对环境和临床ESBLEC进行基因分型，并通过测序鉴定其bla（ESBL）基因。城市污水中的大肠杆菌负荷高于医院污水（分别为7.5 × 10（5）和3.5 × 10（5）CFU/mL）。ESBLEC在几乎所有的环境样品中均有检出，占总大肠杆菌的0.3%。大肠杆菌在未经处理的水上游的污水处理厂（污水处理厂）。医院废水中的ESBLEC负荷高于社区废水（分别为27 x 10（3）vs 0.8 x 10（3）CFU/mL）。污水处理厂对总大肠杆菌的去除率分别为98%和94%。coli和ESBLEC。基因分型揭示了环境和临床ESBLEC的相当大的多样性和一些克隆复合体的过度表达。临床分离株显示的大部分序列类型也在环境中发现。CTX-M酶是最常见的酶，无论菌株的来源。结论。aEuro积分污水处理厂的处理导致ESBLEC的相对富集。我们估计，每天有超过6000亿的ESBLEC被释放到杜布斯河中，污水处理厂产生的污泥用作肥料，每克含有2.6 × 10（5）ESBLEC。
Background. The determinants of the spread of extended-spectrum beta-lactamase-producing Escherichia coli (ESBLEC) in the community remain unclear. To evaluate its dissemination in the environment, we analyzed the ESBLEC population throughout an urban wastewater network.Methods.aEuro integral Samples were collected weekly, over a 10-week period, from 11 sites throughout the wastewater network of Besan double dagger on city (France). Total E. coli and ESBLEC loads were determined for each sample. As a control, we analyzed 51 clinical ESBLEC isolates collected at our hospital. We genotyped both environmental and clinical ESBLEC by pulsed-field gel electrophoresis and multilocus sequence typing and identified their bla(ESBL) genes by sequencing.Results.aEuro integral The E. coli load was higher in urban wastewater than in hospital wastewater (7.5 x 10(5) vs 3.5 x 10(5) CFU/mL, respectively). ESBLEC was recovered from almost all the environmental samples and accounted for 0.3% of total E. coli in the untreated water upstream from the wastewater treatment plant (WWTP). The ESBLEC load was higher in hospital wastewater than in community wastewater (27 x 10(3) vs 0.8 x 10(3) CFU/mL, respectively). Treatment by the WWTP eliminated 98% and 94% of total E. coli and ESBLEC, respectively. The genotyping revealed considerable diversity within both environmental and clinical ESBLEC and the overrepresentation of some clonal complexes. Most of the sequence types displayed by the clinical isolates were also found in the environment. CTX-M enzymes were the most common enzymes whatever the origin of the isolates.Conclusions.aEuro integral The treatment at the WWTP led to the relative enrichment of ESBLEC. We estimated that > 600 billion of ESBLEC are released into the river Doubs daily and the sludge produced by the WWTP, used as fertilizer, contains 2.6 x 10(5) ESBLEC per gram.