ANTIGENIC DRIFT AND EFFICACY OF INFLUENZA-VIRUS VACCINES, 1976-1977
ANTIGENIC DRIFT AND EFFICACY OF INFLUENZA-VIRUS VACCINES, 1976-1977
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DOI：
10.1093/infdis/138.5.618
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发表时间：
1978-01-01
影响因子：
6.4
通讯作者：
I, J
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
MEIKLEJOHN, G;EICKHOFF, TC;I, J
1977年2月出现了一个独特的机会，以评估给予军事人员的流感病毒疫苗的效力，疫苗剂量为400个鸡细胞凝集（CCA）单位的A/维多利亚/3/75，400个CCA单位的A/新泽西/76和500个CCA单位的B/香港/72病毒。在1976年12月中旬停止接种流感病毒疫苗后，从1977年2月1日开始，每周有1200名未接种疫苗的美国空军人员抵达科罗拉多丹佛的劳里空军基地。到达的未接种疫苗的人员被分配到12个单位之一，以前接种过疫苗的人员。2月期间，该基地爆发了A型流感，这是由于A/德克萨斯/1/77型病毒，A/维多利亚/ 3/75型病毒的变种。在基地的学生中记录了54例甲型流感病例。在疫情爆发的两周高峰期，未接种疫苗的学生的发病率比接种疫苗的学生高出10倍，疫苗有效性的总体估计为80%。因此，尽管动物试验表明存在相当大的抗原漂移，但含有甲型流感/维多利亚/3/75病毒的疫苗对变异株提供了良好的保护。
A unique opportunity occurred in February 1977 to assess the efficacy of an influenza virus vaccine given to military personnel in doses of 400 chick cell-agglutinating (CCA) units of A/Victoria/3/75, 400 CCA units of A/New Jersey/76, and 500 CCA units of B/Hong Kong/72 viruses. After cessation of all influenza virus vaccine administration in mid-December 1976, ∼200 unvaccinated U.S. Air Force personnel arrived per week beginning February 1, 1977, at Lowry Air Force Base, Denver, Colorado. Arriving unvaccinated personnel were assigned to one of 12 units with previously vaccinated personnel. A sharp outbreak of influenza A occurred on the base during February that was due to an A/Texas/l/77-like virus, a variant of the A/Victoria/ 3/75 prototype. Fifty-four cases of influenza A were documented in the student population on the base. During the two-week peak of the outbreak, attack rates were 10-fold higher in unvaccinated than in vaccinated students, and the overall estimate of vaccine efficacy was 80%. Thus, despite animal tests suggesting considerable antigenic drift, a vaccine containing influenza A/Victoria/3/75 virus provided good protection against the variant strain.