Contrasting patterns in the invasions of European terrestrial and freshwater habitats by alien plants, insects and vertebrates
Contrasting patterns in the invasions of European terrestrial and freshwater habitats by alien plants, insects and vertebrates
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外来植物、昆虫和脊椎动物入侵欧洲陆地和淡水生境的对比模式
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发表时间：
2010
期刊：
影响因子：
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通讯作者：
P. Hulme
中科院分区：
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作者：
P. Pyšek;S. Bacher;M. Chytrý;V. Jarošı́k;J. Wild;L. Celesti‐Grapow;Núria Gassó;M. Kenis;P. Lambdon;W. Nentwig;J. Pergl;A. Roques;J. Sádlo;W. Solarz;M. Vilà;P. Hulme
目的为一系列分类学群体提供关于入侵具有代表性的欧洲陆地和淡水生境的外来物种当前数量的第一次比较概述。位置欧洲。方法从115个区域数据集中获取欧洲自然信息系统(EUNIS)定义的10个生境中植物、昆虫、食草动物、鸟类和哺乳动物等外来物种的归化数量。只有在公元1500年之后引入的物种才被考虑。通过ANCOVA和回归树对数据进行分析，以评估不同分类群体在生境亲和力方面是否存在差异，以及外来物种在欧洲生境中的出现模式是否与岛度、纬度或面积等宏观生态因素相互作用。结果人工生境、城市生境和人工栽培生境的外来植物和昆虫种类最多，如果控制该地区的生境面积，湿地和河岸生境也支持相对较多的外来植物种类。脊椎动物的入侵在不同生境之间分布较为均匀，其中水生和河岸、林地和耕地的入侵最多。沼泽、沼泽和沼泽、草原、石南地和灌木丛通常较少受到入侵。生境和分类类群解释了出现在个别生境中的外来物种所占比例相对于一个区域的外来物种总数的最大差异，由这些因素决定的基本格局受到地理变量的微调，即受大陆-岛屿对比度和纬度的影响，并且在分类类群之间存在差异。主要结论存在两类不同的外来物种(植物和昆虫与脊椎动物)，它们的栖息地亲缘关系截然不同。这两个不同种群的入侵在栖息地利用方面是互补的，这使得对欧洲栖息地入侵的总体评估成为可能。由于生境中归化物种的数量在这两个类群之间是相关的，例如，收集的一组脊椎动物的数据可以用来以合理的精度估计其他脊椎动物群体特定于生境的外来物种数量，昆虫和植物也是如此。
Aim To provide the first comparative overview on the current numbers of alien species that invade representative European terrestrial and freshwater habitats for a range of taxonomic groups. Location Europe. Methods Numbers of naturalized alien species of plants, insects, herptiles, birds and mammals occurring in 10 habitats defined according to the European Nature Information System (EUNIS) were obtained from 115 regional data sets. Only species introduced after ad 1500 were considered. Data were analysed by ANCOVA and regression trees to assess whether differences exist among taxonomic groups in terms of their habitat affinity, and whether the pattern of occurrence of alien species in European habitats interacts with macroecological factors such as insularity, latitude or area. Results The highest numbers of alien plant and insect species were found in human-made, urban or cultivated habitats; if controlled for habitat area in the region, wetland and riparian habitats appeared to support relatively high numbers of alien plant species too. Invasions by vertebrates were more evenly distributed among habitats, with aquatic and riparian, woodland and cultivated land most invaded. Mires, bogs and fens, grassland, heathland and scrub were generally less invaded. Habitat and taxonomic group explained most variation in the proportions of alien species occurring in individual habitats related to the total number of alien species in a region, and the basic pattern determined by these factors was fine-tuned by geographical variables, namely by the mainland–island contrast and latitude, and differed among taxonomic groups. Main conclusions There are two ecologically distinct groups of alien species (plants and insects versus vertebrates) with strikingly different habitat affinities. Invasions by these two contrasting groups are complementary in terms of habitat use, which makes an overall assessment of habitat invasions in Europe possible. Since numbers of naturalized species in habitats are correlated among taxa within these two groups, the data collected for one group of vertebrates, for example, could be used to estimate the habitat-specific numbers of alien species for other vertebrate groups with reasonable precision, and the same holds true for insects and plants.