Substrate Binding Drives Active‐Site Closing of Human Blood Group B Galactosyltransferase as Revealed by Hot‐Spot Labeling and NMR Spectroscopy Experiments

Substrate Binding Drives Active‐Site Closing of Human Blood Group B Galactosyltransferase as Revealed by Hot‐Spot Labeling and NMR Spectroscopy Experiments
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热点标记和核磁共振波谱实验表明,底物结合驱动人 B 型血半乳糖基转移酶的活性位点关闭

DOI:
10.1002/cbic.201800019
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发表时间:
2018
期刊:
影响因子:
3.2
通讯作者:
Peters
Peters
中科院分区:
生物学3区
文献类型:
--
作者:
Weissbach;Flügge;Peters

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晶体学表明,人血型 A (GTA) 和 B (GTB) 糖基转移酶在底物结合时会经历“开放”、“半封闭”和“封闭”构象之间的转变。然而,相应构象重新定向的时间尺度是未知的。晶体结构表明色氨酸和蛋氨酸残基位于酶的“构象热点”。因此,我们利用Trp残基的15N侧链标记和Met残基的13C-甲基标记来研究底物诱导的GTB构象转变。与底物配体直接接触的 Met 和 Trp 残基的化学位移扰动 (CSP) 反映了结合动力学,而远程位点的 Met 和 Trp 残基的 CSP 反映了底物结合时酶的构象变化。受体结合在化学位移时间尺度上很快,CSP 相当小,范围小于约 20 Hz。供体结合与中间交换机制相匹配,产生大约 200–300 Hz 的汇率常数估计值。供体或受体分别与受体或供体底物饱和的 GTB 结合很慢(<10 Hz),耦合蛋白质运动也是如此,反映了供体和受体结合的相互变构控制。远程 CSP 表明底物结合驱动酶进入催化所需的闭合状态。这些发现应有助于更好地理解 GTA 和 GTB 的糖基转移机制。
Crystallography has shown that human blood group A (GTA) and B (GTB) glycosyltransferases undergo transitions between “open”, “semiclosed”, and “closed” conformations upon substrate binding. However, the timescales of the corresponding conformational reorientations are unknown. Crystal structures show that the Trp and Met residues are located at “conformational hot spots” of the enzymes. Therefore, we utilized15N side‐chain labeling of Trp residues and13C‐methyl labeling of Met residues to study substrate‐induced conformational transitions of GTB. Chemical‐shift perturbations (CSPs) of Met and Trp residues in direct contact with substrate ligands reflect binding kinetics, whereas the CSPs of Met and Trp residues at remote sites reflect conformational changes of the enzyme upon substrate binding. Acceptor binding is fast on the chemical‐shift timescale with rather small CSPs in the range of less than approximately 20 Hz. Donor binding matches the intermediate exchange regime to yield an estimate for exchange rate constants of approximately 200–300 Hz. Donor or acceptor binding to GTB saturated with acceptor or donor substrate, respectively, is slow (<10 Hz), as are coupled protein motions, reflecting mutual allosteric control of donor and acceptor binding. Remote CSPs suggest that substrate binding drives the enzyme into the closed state required for catalysis. These findings should contribute to better understanding of the mechanism of glycosyl transfer of GTA and GTB.
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