Effects of age-related gait changes on the biomechanics of slips and falls
Effects of age-related gait changes on the biomechanics of slips and falls
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DOI：
10.1080/0014013031000139491
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发表时间：
2003-10-10
期刊：
影响因子：
2.4
通讯作者：
Smith, JL
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Lockhart, TE;Woldstad, JC;Smith, JL
进行了一项实验室研究，利用新定义的滑倒和福尔斯的生物力学参数，检查与衰老相关的步态变化以及这些变化对滑倒开始和福尔斯频率的影响。来自两个年龄组（年轻人和老年人）的28名参与者穿着安全带以舒适的速度绕着圆形轨道行走。在没有参与者意识的情况下，以随机的时间间隔将光滑的地板表面放置在力板上方的步行轨道上。同步的动力学和运动学测量获得的光滑和非光滑的行走表面。结果表明，老年人的水平足跟接触速度显著快于年轻人，步长显著短于年轻人，全身质心（COM）的过渡加速度显著慢于年轻人。老年参与者的初始摩擦需求，所需的摩擦系数（RCOF）测量，没有显着不同，比年轻的同行。此外，老年参与者滑得更长更快，比年轻参与者更容易摔倒。跌倒者与未跌倒者水平脚跟接触速度的比较表明，一般而言，跌倒者的水平脚跟接触速度比未跌倒者快。然而，跌倒的参与者与未跌倒的参与者的RCOF比较表明，RCOF不是影响实际跌倒事件的完全确定性因素。这些研究结果表明，与衰老相关的步态变化（特别是较高的水平脚跟接触速度和较慢的过渡，整个身体COM）的影响开始滑倒引起的福尔斯。
A laboratory study was conducted to examine gait changes associated with aging and the effect of these changes on initiation of slips and frequency of falls utilizing newly defined biomechanical parameters of slips and falls. Twenty-eight participants from two age groups (young and old) walked around a circular track at a comfortable pace wearing a safety harness. A slippery floor surface was placed on the walking track over the force plate at random time intervals without the participants' awareness. Synchronized kinetic and kinematic measurements were obtained on both slippery and non-slippery walking surfaces. The results indicated that older participants' horizontal heel contact velocity was significantly faster, step length was significantly shorter, and transitional acceleration of the whole body centre-of-mass (COM) was significantly slower than younger participants. Older participants' initial friction demand, as measured by required coefficient of friction (RCOF), was not significantly different than their younger counterparts. Additionally, older participants slipped longer and faster, and fell more often than younger participants. A comparison of horizontal heel contact velocity for participants who fell with participants who did not fall indicated that, in general, fallers' horizontal heel contact velocity was faster than non-fallers. However, a comparison of RCOF for participants who fell with participants who did not fall suggested that RCOF was not a totally deterministic factor influencing actual fall events. These findings suggest that gait changes associated with aging (especially higher horizontal heel contact velocity and slower transition of the whole body COM) affect initiation of slip-induced falls.