A meta-analysis of fall prevention programs for the elderly - How effective are they?
A meta-analysis of fall prevention programs for the elderly - How effective are they?
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DOI：
10.1097/00006199-200201000-00002
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发表时间：
2002-01-01
期刊：
影响因子：
2.5
通讯作者：
Spellbring, AM
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Hill-Westmoreland, EE;Soeken, K;Spellbring, AM
背景资料：虽然跌倒预防研究的老年人已被报道，有一个缺乏的工作，总结这些干预措施的有效性。Objectives：指导这项研究的研究问题是：“什么是跌倒预防计划的比例上的福尔斯在老年人的影响？“方法。采用Meta分析总结老年人跌倒预防干预研究的结果，包括对照组和可量化的结果。研究由两名作者进行了审查，并考虑了合格标准。然后对研究进行编码，并进行评价者间可靠性检查。结果：纳入荟萃分析的12项研究的总体平均加权效应量为0.0779（Z = 5.03，p <0.001）。对于跌倒预防干预类型，单独锻炼的平均加权效应量为0.0220（Z = .5303，p > .5），运动和风险调整的平均加权效应量为.0687（Z = 3.41，p < .001），综合风险评估干预研究的效应量为.1231（Z = 3.97，p < .001）。基于社区的研究的平均加权效应量为0.0972（Z = 5.37，p <0.001），基于机构的研究为0.0237（Z= 0.7822，p = 0.22）。至结局时间测量分析显示，测量12个月时福尔斯比例的研究的平均加权效应量为0.0905（Z = 5.43，p < .001），而在4个月或更短时间内测量的值为.0972（Z = -.005，p > .50）。这项荟萃分析的结果表明，有4%的接受各种跌倒预防干预的治疗组中的个体的福尔斯发生率降低。需要在老年人群中进行额外的干预研究，以预防福尔斯。
Background: Although fall prevention studies for the elderly have been reported, there is a paucity of work summarizing the effectiveness of these interventions.Objectives: The research question that guided this study was: "What are the effects of fall prevention programs on the proportion of falls in the elderly?"Method. Meta-analysis was employed to summarize findings of intervention studies of fall prevention in the elderly involving a comparison group and a quantifiable outcome. Studies were reviewed by two of the authors with the eligibility criteria in mind. Studies were then coded and an inter-rater reliability check was performed.Results: The overall mean weighted effect size for the 12 studies included in the meta-analysis was .0779 (Z = 5.03, p < .001). For fall prevention intervention types, exercise alone had a mean weighted effect size of .0220 (Z = .5303, p > .5), exercise and risk modification had a mean weighted effect size of .0687 (Z = 3.41, p < .001), and comprehensive risk assessment intervention studies had an effect size of .1231 (Z = 3.97, p < .001). The mean weighted effect size size for community-based studies was .0972 (Z = 5.37, p < .001) and for institution-based studies was .0237 (Z= .7822, p = .22). Time to outcome measure analyses revealed that the mean weighted effect size for studies measuring proportion of falls at 12 months was .0905 (Z = 5.43, p < .001), and those measuring at four months or less was .0972 (Z = -.005, p > .50).Conclusions: The results of this meta-analysis indicate that there was a 4% decrease in the rate of falls for individuals who were in the treatment groups receiving various fall prevention interventions. Additional intervention studies need to be conducted in the elderly population with a goal of preventing falls.