Improving Wave‐Based Air‐Sea Momentum Flux Parameterization in Mixed Seas
Improving Wave‐Based Air‐Sea Momentum Flux Parameterization in Mixed Seas
复制标题
改进混合海洋中基于波浪-空气-海洋动量通量参数化
DOI：
10.1029/2022jc019277
复制
发表时间：
2023
期刊：
影响因子：
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通讯作者：
Edson, James B.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Sauvage, César;Seo, Hyodae;Clayson, Carol Anne;Edson, James B.
在冬季，西北热带大西洋可以通过海流、表面风和表面波之间基于波龄的各种相互作用来表征，这对于准确描述表面风应力至关重要。在这项工作中，使用COARE3.5中的两种不同的波浪粗糙度参数化进行耦合波-海洋-大气模型模拟，其中一种仅依赖于风速，另一种使用波龄和波斜率作为输入。与2020年冬季ATOMIC/EUREC 4A实验期间直接测量的动量通量的比较表明，对于中到强风下由短风浪主导的海况，与基于风速的方法相比，基于波浪的公式（WBF）平均增加了25%的表面粗糙度长度。对于在中到强风强度下由远程生成的涌浪主导的海况，WBF预测粗糙度长度和表面应力显著降低（10.15%），导致恒定通量层上方的近地表风速增加（10.5%）。对模型和数据中混合海况的进一步研究表明，COARE3.5 WBF中过度强调了涌浪对风应力的影响，特别是在中等风况下。通过引入风和波浪之间的方向对准或使用平均波周期而不是对应于谱峰的波周期来计算波龄，探索了各种方法来减轻这种缺陷。这项研究的结果可能是站点依赖性的，并且主要涉及原始参数化不足的风和波浪的特定状态。
In winter, the Northwest Tropical Atlantic Ocean can be characterized by various wave age‐based interactions among ocean current, surface wind and surface waves, which are critical for accurately describing surface wind stress. In this work, coupled wave‐ocean‐atmosphere model simulations are conducted using two different wave roughness parameterizations within COARE3.5, including one that relies solely on wind speed and another that uses wave age and wave slope as inputs. Comparisons with the directly measured momentum fluxes during the ATOMIC/EUREC4A experiments in winter 2020 show that, for sea states dominated by short wind waves under moderate to strong winds, the wave‐based formulation (WBF) increases the surface roughness length in average by 25% compared to the wind‐speed‐based approach. For sea states dominated by remotely generated swells under moderate to strong wind intensity, the WBF predicts significantly lower roughness length and surface stress (≈15%), resulting in increased near‐surface wind speed above the constant flux layer (≈5%). Further investigation of the mixed sea states in the model and data indicates that the impact of swell on wind stress is over‐emphasized in the COARE3.5 WBF, especially under moderate wind regimes. Various approaches are explored to alleviate this deficiency by either introducing directional alignment between wind and waves or using the mean wave period instead of the wave period corresponding to the spectral peak to compute the wave age. The findings of this study are likely to be site‐dependent, and mostly concern specific regimes of wind and waves where the original parameterization was deficient.