“A Family with High-Tonal Objective Tinnitus” - An Update
“A Family with High-Tonal Objective Tinnitus” - An Update
复制标题
“一个患有高音客观性耳鸣的家庭”——更新
DOI：
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发表时间：
1938
期刊：
影响因子：
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通讯作者：
G. Sutton
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
J. P. Wilson;G. Sutton
1971年，Glanville，Coles & Sullivan报道了一个家庭的三名成员，他们的耳朵产生了外部可听到的高音口哨声。尽管Gold（1948）提出了一种主动机械反馈机制，他假设这种机制可能会振荡并导致耳鸣，但直到肯普在1978年描述了耳蜗回声现象，这种可能性才得到认真关注。当时，一个关于哨声的血管假说似乎是最合理的，而且似乎得到了一些证据的支持。所发现的哨声分量范围为5.6-14 kHz，最大报告水平为60 dB SPL。另一方面，最近对受激耳声发射和自发耳声发射的研究发现，它们在1-3 kHz范围内最强烈，在密封的耳道中，最大约为20 dB SPL时饱和，或仅限于20 dB SPL（肯普，1979 B，1981;威尔逊，1980 a，B，c;威尔逊和萨顿，1981;祖雷克，1981）。这种低饱和水平和限制发射到某些频率区域，具体到每只耳朵，导致了一个模型的建议（威尔逊，1980年）。基于两个假设：第一，该信号代表来自耳蜗的总活动，第二，该活动可能代表毛细胞的信号同步膨胀和收缩。对于均匀分级的耳蜗，求和的活动将非常小，但是在位置/频率图不规则的情况下，大的局部分量将出现在求和的响应中。显然，存在60 dB SPL的发射水平将使第二种假设不可信。因此，最好重新调查最初的主题，以确定他们的哨声是否有类似的耳声起源，如果是这样的话，以获得进一步的线索，潜在的机制。
In 1971 Glanville, Coles & Sullivan reported on three members of a family whose ears produced externally-audible high-pitched whistles. Although Gold (1948) had proposed an active mechanical feedback mechanism which he postulated might oscillate and cause tinnitus, this possibility did not receive serious attention until Kemp described the cochlear echo phenomenon in 1978. At the time a vascular hypothesis for the whistles appeared most plausible and appeared to be supported by some of their evidence. The whistle components found, ranged from 5.6–14 kHz with a maximum reported level of 60 dB SPL. Most recent investigations of stimulated and spontaneous oto-acoustic emissions, on the other hand, have found them occurring most strongly in the 1–3 kHz range and saturating at, or limited to, a maximum of about 20 dB SPL in the sealed ear canal (Kemp, 1979b, 1981; Wilson, 1980 a, b, c; Wilson & Sutton, 1981; Zurek, 1981). This low saturating level and the restriction of emissions to certain frequency regions, specific to each ear, led to the suggestion of a model (Wilson, 1980ed). based on two hypotheses: firstly, that the signal represents summed activity from the cochlea, and secondly, that the activity might represent signal-synchronous swelling and shrinking of hair cells. For a uniformly-graded cochlea the summed activity would be very small, but with an irregularity in the place/frequency map a large local component would appear in the summed response. Clearly, the existence of emission levels of 60 dB SPL would render the second hypothesis implausible. It was therefore desirable to reinvestigate the original subjects to determine whether their whistles have a similar oto-acoustic origin and, if so, to obtain further clues to the underlying mechanisms.