A Genetic Basis for Social Trust?

A Genetic Basis for Social Trust?
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社会信任的遗传基础?

DOI:
10.1007/s11109-009-9101-5
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发表时间:
2009
期刊:
影响因子:
3.9
通讯作者:
Sturgis P
Sturgis P
中科院分区:
法学1区
文献类型:
--
作者:
Sturgis P

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相信同胞不会在社会和经济交易中违背我们的利益的倾向已被确定为民主政治有效运作的关键。然而,这种“普遍”或“社会”信任的原因还远不清楚。到目前为止,社会和政治科学领域的研究人员几乎只关注个人和社会的社会发展和政治/制度特征,将其作为主要的因果影响。在本文中,我们调查了有趣的可能性,社会信任可能有一个遗传,以及环境的基础。我们使用从同卵双胞胎和异卵双胞胎样本中收集的数据来估计信任的加性遗传、共享环境和非共享环境成分。我们的研究结果表明,在多项目的信任规模的方差占大部分的加性遗传因素。另一方面,兄弟姐妹共同经历的环境影响没有明显的影响;唯一的环境影响似乎是那些对个体独特的影响。我们的研究结果质疑了人们普遍持有的观点,即社会信任的发展是通过家庭社会化过程在生命历程的早期阶段发生的。
A propensity to believe that fellow citizens will not act against our interests in social and economic transactions has been identified as key to the effective functioning of democratic polities. Yet the causes of this type of ‘generalized’ or ‘social’ trust are far from clear. To date, researchers within the social and political sciences have focused almost exclusively on social-developmental and political/institutional features of individuals and societies as the primary causal influences. In this paper we investigate the intriguing possibility that social trust might have a genetic, as well as an environmental basis. We use data collected from samples of monozygotic and dizygotic twins to estimate the additive genetic, shared environmental, and non-shared environmental components of trust. Our results show that the majority of the variance in a multi-item trust scale is accounted for by an additive genetic factor. On the other hand, the environmental influences experienced in common by sibling pairs have no discernable effect; the only environmental influences appear to be those that are unique to the individual. Our findings problematise the widely held view that the development of social trust occurs through a process of familial socialization at an early stage of the life course.
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