Behavior and pollination efficiency of Nannotrigona perilampoides (Hymenoptera: meliponini) on greenhouse tomatoes (Lycopersicon esculentum) in subtropical Mexico
Behavior and pollination efficiency of Nannotrigona perilampoides (Hymenoptera: meliponini) on greenhouse tomatoes (Lycopersicon esculentum) in subtropical Mexico
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DOI：
10.1603/0022-0493-97.2.475
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发表时间：
2004-04-01
影响因子：
2.2
通讯作者：
Parra-Tabla, V
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Cauich, O;Quezada-Euán, JJG;Parra-Tabla, V
研究了无刺蜂（Nannotrigona perilampoides Cresson）在番茄（Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.）在两个温室中栽培的植物。将温室分为三个16 m2的区域，并使用以下处理之一进行授粉：无刺蜂（SB），机械振动（MV）和不授粉（NP）。在2个月内，每周从0800至1600进行一次观察。通过未返回蜂巢的蜜蜂（丢失的蜜蜂）的数量和比较蜂群（育雏和成虫）的数量来估计蜜蜂对温室的适应。蜜蜂在粘土上的觅食活动通过比较每小时觅食的数量来评估。分析了环境变量对觅食活动的影响。以坐果率、单果重、每平方米产果量、每果粒数为指标，比较不同处理的授粉效果。蜜蜂开始觅食的花朵后约7天殖民地被引入温室。在整个实验过程中，菌落的数量有所下降，但菌落并没有灭绝。环境变量与蜜蜂觅食活动的相关性表明，它们都没有显着影响花粉觅食。而集水量与温室内温度呈正相关，与湿度呈负相关。每个处理的授粉效率的估计表明，与NP（52.6 +/- 7.6）相比，SB（83 +/- 4.2）和MV（78.5 +/- 6.4）的坐果率存在显著差异。然而，三种处理的果实的平均重量相似（65 g）。与NP（120 +/- 16.6）相比，SB（200 +/- 15.3）和MV（232 +/- 21.4）中的种子数量存在显著差异。SB（5.72 +/- 0.61）和MV（5.66 +/- 0.58 kg）的每平方米果实公斤数生产率高于NP（3.34 +/- 0.72）。种子数与单果重呈正相关。我们的结论是，使用Nannotrigona testaceicornis Rondani，在热带气候中为温室番茄授粉，可能是一种替代使用高度防御性的非洲来源的意大利蜜蜂或非本地的蜜蜂（熊蜂属）。然而.需要更多的研究来评估使用N. perilampoides Cresson对其他蜜蜂物种和授粉方法的影响。
The acclimation, foraging behavior, and pollination efficiency of stingless bees of the species Nannotrigona perilampoides Cresson were evaluated in tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.) plants cultivated in two greenhouses. The greenhouses were divided into three areas of 16 m(2), and one of the following treatments was used for pollination: stingless bees (SB), mechanical vibration (MV) and no pollination (NP). Observations were conducted once a week from 0800 to 1600 hours during 2 mo. The acclimation of the bees to the greenhouses was estimated by the number of bees that did not return to the hive (lost bees) and by comparing the population of the colonies (brood and adults). The foraging activity of the bees across the clay was evaluated by comparing the number of foragers per hour. The influence of environmental variables on the foraging activity was also analyzed. The pollination efficiency was compared among treatments through the percentage of fruit set, weight of individual fruit, kilograms Of fruit produced per square meter, and the number of seed per fruit. The bees started foraging on the flowers approximate to7 d after the colonies were introduced to the greenhouse. There,,vas a decline in the population of the colonies across the experiment, but colonies did not die out. Correlations of environmental variables with the foraging activity of the bees showed that none of them had a significant influence on pollen foraging. However, water collection was positively correlated with the temperature and negatively correlated with the humidity inside the,greenhouse. The estimation of the pollination efficiency per treatment showed that there were significant differences in fruit set in SB (83 +/- 4.2) and MV (78.5 +/- 6.4) compared with NP (52.6 +/- 7.6). However, the average weight of the fruit was similar for the three treatments (65 g). There were significant differences for seed number in SB (200 +/- 15.3) and MV (232 +/- 21.4) compared with NP (120 +/- 16.6). The productivity in kilograms of fruit per square Meter was higher in SB (5.72 +/- 0.61) and MV (5.66 +/- 0.58 kg) compared with NP (3.34 +/- 0.72). The number of seed was positively correlated with the weight of the fruit. We conclude that the use of Nannotrigona testaceicornis Rondani, for pollinating greenhouse tomatoes in tropical climates, Could be an alternative to the use of highly defensive African-derived Apis mellifera or non-native humble bees (Bombus spp.). However. more research is needed to evaluate the cost/benefit on large-scale greenhouse pollination using N. perilampoides Cresson against other bee species and pollination methods.