The Impact of Anthelmintic Treatment on Human Gut Microbiota Based on Cross-Sectional and Pre- and Postdeworming Comparisons in Western Kenya
The Impact of Anthelmintic Treatment on Human Gut Microbiota Based on Cross-Sectional and Pre- and Postdeworming Comparisons in Western Kenya
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DOI：
10.1128/mbio.00519-19
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发表时间：
2019-03-01
期刊：
影响因子：
6.4
通讯作者：
Nutman, Thomas B.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Easton, Alice, V;Quinones, Mariam;Nutman, Thomas B.
鼠类研究表明，某些种类肠道蠕虫的存在与宿主微生物群组成和多样性的变化有关。然而，对人类的研究得出了不同的结论，并且影响似乎因存在的蠕虫种类而差异很大。为了证明人类肠道微生物组的分子方法如何为不同生物体之间的复杂相互作用提供见解，从阿苯达唑（ALB）治疗前和治疗后3周和3个月从5个肯尼亚农村村庄的居民收集的冷冻保存粪便中提取DNA。通过定量PCR（qPCR）分析样品中8种肠道寄生虫的存在，并通过MiSeq 16 S rRNA基因测序。根据治疗前的结果，与年龄匹配的对照组相比，蛔虫和美洲钩虫感染都没有显著改变微生物群的总体多样性。在ALB治疗和土壤传播蠕虫（STH）清除后，梭菌目构成的微生物群比例显著增加（P = 0.0002;平均倍数变化，0.57），肠杆菌目构成的比例显著降低（P = 0.0004;平均倍数变化，-0.58）。有一个显着的治疗后减少Chaol丰富，即使在个人谁是未感染的预处理，这表明抗菌作用必须考虑在任何治疗后设置。然而，蠕虫相关的变化，梭菌和肠杆菌表明，清除STH，和N。重要性肠道微生物组是人类健康的重要因素。它受到我们吃什么，我们服用什么药物以及我们获得什么感染的影响。反过来，它会影响我们吸收营养的方式，以及我们是否有过度的肠道炎症。肠道蠕虫可能对肠道微生物组的组成产生重要影响。如果不完全了解大规模驱虫计划对微生物组的影响，就不可能准确计算这种公共卫生干预措施的成本效益，也不可能防范任何可能的有害副作用。我们的研究在“现实世界”的环境中研究了这个问题，使用纵向队列，其中有和没有蠕虫感染的个体接受驱虫药物治疗，并在治疗后三周和三个月进行随访。我们量化了蛔虫和钩虫对肠道微生物组成的影响，这表明影响很小，但钩虫感染的治疗导致了显着的变化。这项工作指出，需要进行后续研究，以进一步研究钩虫对肠道微生物群的影响，并确定所观察到的变化对健康的影响。
Murine studies suggest that the presence of some species of intestinal helminths is associated with changes in host microbiota composition and diversity. However, studies in humans have produced varied conclusions, and the impact ap- pears to vary widely depending on the helminth species present. To demonstrate how molecular approaches to the human gut microbiome can provide insights into the complex interplay among disparate organisms, DNA was extracted from cryopreserved stools collected from residents of 5 rural Kenyan villages prior to and 3 weeks and 3 months following albendazole (ALB) therapy. Samples were analyzed by quan- titative PCR (qPCR) for the presence of 8 species of intestinal parasites and by MiSeq 16S rRNA gene sequencing. Based on pretreatment results, the presence of neither Ascaris lumbricoides nor Necator americanus infection significantly altered the overall diversity of the microbiota in comparison with age-matched controls. Following ALB therapy and clearance of soil-transmitted helminths (STH), there were significant increases in the proportion of the microbiota made up by Clostridiales (P = 0.0002; average fold change, 0.57) and reductions in the proportion made up by Enterobacteriales (P = 0.0004; average fold change, -0.58). There was a significant posttreatment decrease in Chaol richness, even among individuals who were uninfected pretreatment, suggesting that antimicrobial effects must be considered in any posttreatment setting. Nevertheless, the helminth-associated changes in Clostridiales and Enterobacteriales suggest that clearance of STH, and of N. americanus in particular, alters the gut microbiota.IMPORTANCE The gut microbiome is an important factor in human health. It is affected by what we eat, what medicines we take, and what infections we acquire. In turn, it affects the way we absorb nutrients and whether we have excessive intestinal inflammation. Intestinal worms may have an important impact on the composition of the gut microbiome. Without a complete understanding of the impact of mass deworming programs on the microbiome, it is impossible to accurately calculate the cost-effectiveness of such public health interventions and to guard against any possible deleterious side effects. Our research examines this question in a "realworld" setting, using a longitudinal cohort, in which individuals with and without worm infections are treated with deworming medication and followed up at both three weeks and three months posttreatment. We quantify the impact of roundworms and hookworms on gut microbial composition, suggesting that the impact is small, but that treatment of hookworm infection results in significant changes. This work points to the need for follow-up studies to further examine the impact of hookworm on the gut microbiota and determine the health consequences of the observed changes.