Principles for the conservation of wild living resources
Principles for the conservation of wild living resources
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DOI：
10.2307/2269369
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发表时间：
1996-05-01
影响因子：
5
通讯作者：
Young, TP
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Mangel, M;Talbot, LM;Young, TP
我们描述了广泛适用的野生生物资源保护原则和实施机制。这些原则是从三个出发点产生的。首先，一套保护野生生物资源的原则（霍尔特和塔尔博特，1978）需要重新审查和更新。第二，这些原则缺乏执行机制，因此没有发挥应有的效力。第三，所有的保护问题都有科学、经济和社会方面的问题，尽管问题的组合可能因问题而异，但解决问题时必须包括这三个方面。我们说明了这些原则的来源，并扩大了这些原则的意义，并讨论了它们的实施机制。永久保持野生生物资源的健康种群与人类对这些资源的消费和需求的无限增长是不一致的。养护的目标应是通过在遗传、物种、种群和生态系统各级维持生物多样性来确保目前和今后的选择;作为一般规则，生态系统的资源或其他组成部分不应受到超出自然变异界限的干扰。对资源使用可能产生的生态和社会影响的评估，应先于对资源的拟议使用和拟议限制或扩大目前使用。对生物资源使用的管制必须以了解该资源所属的生态系统的结构和动态为基础，并必须考虑到直接和间接影响资源使用的生态和社会影响。有效的养护需要理解和考虑到所有使用者和利益攸关者的动机、利益和价值观，而不是简单地平均他们的立场。有效的保护需要沟通，是互动的，互惠的，和持续的。实施的原则机制进行了讨论。
We describe broadly applicable principles for the conservation of wild living resources and mechanisms for their implementation. These principles were engendered from three starting points. First, a set of principles for the conservation of wild living resources (Holt and Talbot 1978) required reexamination and updating. Second, those principles lacked mechanisms for implementation and consequently were not as effective as they might have been. Third, all conservation problems have scientific, economic, and social aspects, and although the mix may vary from problem to problem, all three aspects must be included in problem solving. We illustrate the derivation of, and amplify the meaning of, the principles, and discuss mechanisms for their implementation.The principles are:Principle I. Maintenance of healthy populations of wild living resources in perpetuity is inconsistent with unlimited growth of human consumption of and demand for those resources.Principle II. The goal of conservation should be to secure present and future options by maintaining biological diversity at genetic, species, population, and ecosystem levels; as a general rule neither the resource nor other components of the ecosystem should be perturbed beyond natural boundaries of variation.Principle III. Assessment of the possible ecological and sociological effects of resource use should precede both proposed use and proposed restriction or expansion of ongoing use of a resource.Principle IV. Regulation of the use of living resources must be based on understanding the structure and dynamics of the ecosystem of which the resource is a part and must take into account the ecological and sociological influences that directly and indirectly affect resource use.Principle V. The full range of knowledge and skills from the natural and social sciences must be brought to bear on conservation problems.Principle VI. Effective conservation requires understanding and taking account of the motives, interests, and values of all users and stakeholders, but not by simply averaging their positions.Principle VII. Effective conservation requires communication that is interactive, reciprocal, and continuous.Mechanisms for implementation of the principles are discussed.