Medicinal value of the caterpillar fungi species of the genus Cordyceps (Fr.) Link (Ascomycetes).: A review
Medicinal value of the caterpillar fungi species of the genus Cordyceps (Fr.) Link (Ascomycetes).: A review
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DOI：
10.1615/intjmedmushr.v10.i3.30
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发表时间：
2008-01-01
影响因子：
1.2
通讯作者：
Cleaver, Matt
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Holliday, John;Cleaver, Matt
本文综述了冬虫夏草的历史和药用价值，特别是冬虫夏草。冬虫夏草药用历史悠久，仅在青藏高原高海拔地区发现一种地下毛虫的头部生长。由于这种高度特定的生长环境和有限的地理分布，冬虫夏草长期以来一直被认为是东方医学中使用的最昂贵的原料。由于环境和生态因素，每年的收成一直在稳步下降，而与此同时，全球需求一直在增加。这种情况促使冬虫夏草。在过去几年中，价格不断上升，推动研究确定种植它的方法，使其成为商业贸易中更负担得起的材料。这项研究的部分目标是了解这种生物体所占据的复杂生物生态位。这是一种只在与昆虫幼虫同居时才发现的蘑菇，正是这种独特的生长参数使得生产虫草具有挑战性。人工栽培。使这种培养问题进一步复杂化的是，冬虫夏草自然生长的稀薄大气，富含矿物质的土壤和低温，导致具有医学开发的有趣生物潜力的次级代谢产物的独特特征，但在正常的实验室培养中不易复制。在这篇文章中，我们试图揭开冬虫夏草的许多奥秘，详细介绍了冬虫夏草的历史、药用、化学成分和栽培，特别注意C。冬虫夏草是世界上最昂贵的药用蘑菇。
This review looks in depth at the history and medicinal value of the Cordyceps species, especially C sinensis. The C sinensis medicinal species, with a long history of use, has only been found growing from the head of one type of subterranean caterpillar, at high altitudes, in the Qinghai-Tibetan plateau. Because of this highly specific growth environment and restricted geographical distribution, C sinensis has a long reputation of being the single-most expensive raw material used in Oriental Medicine. Due to environmental and ecological factors, the annual harvest has been steadily declining, while at the same time the worldwide demand has been increasing. This situation has driven Cordyceps spp. prices into an ever-increasing spiral over the last few years, driving research to determine ways of cultivating it to make it a more affordable material for commercial trade. Part of the goal of this research has been to understand the complex biological niche such an organism fills. This is a mushroom that is only found in cohabitation with the larvae of an insect, and it is this unique growth parameter that has made it challenging to produce Cordyceps spp. in artificial cultivation. Further complicating this cultivation issue is the rarefied atmosphere, mineral-rich soil, and low temperature in which Cordyceps naturally grows, resulting in a unique profile of secondary metabolites possessing interesting biological potential for medical exploitation, but which are not readily reproduced in normal laboratory cultivation. In this article, we attempt to unravel many of the mysteries of Cordyceps spp., detailing the history, medicinal uses, chemical composition, and cultivation of Cordyceps spp., with special attention to C. sinensis, the world's most costly medicinal mushroom.