The association of e-cigarette use with exposure to nickel and chromium: A preliminary study of non-invasive biomarkers
The association of e-cigarette use with exposure to nickel and chromium: A preliminary study of non-invasive biomarkers
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DOI：
10.1016/j.envres.2017.08.014
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发表时间：
2017-11-01
影响因子：
8.3
通讯作者：
Navas-Acien, Ana
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Aherrera, Angela;Olmedo, Pablo;Navas-Acien, Ana
背景：镍（Ni）和铬（Cr）是电子烟加热线圈的成分。然而，电子烟是否会增加金属内部剂量尚不清楚。我们评估了电子烟使用模式和电子液体和气溶胶金属浓度与马里兰州电子烟使用者中Ni和Cr生物标志物水平的相关性。方法：我们从2015年12月至2016年3月招募了64名电子烟使用者。我们收集了尿液、唾液和呼出气体冷凝物（EBC）、电子烟使用数据以及来自其电子烟设备（分配器电子液体、气溶胶和罐电子液体）的样本。结果：尿液中的Ni和Cr水平中位数分别为0.73和0.39 μ g/g肌酐，唾液中的为2.25和1.53 μ g/L，EBC中的为1.25和0.29 μ g/L。在调整后的模型中，与最低三分位数相比，气溶胶镍浓度的三分位数2和3与高16%和72%的尿镍和高202%和321%的唾液镍相关。三分位数3的气溶胶铬水平与193%的高唾液铬。早上第一次蒸汽的时间越早，更换线圈的频率越高，尿镍含量越高。结论：电子烟烟雾中镍和铬的浓度与相应的镍和铬生物标志物水平呈正相关，表明电子烟烟雾中的镍和铬会增加金属的内照射剂量。电子烟使用和消费的增加也与较高的镍生物标志物水平有关。需要金属水平标准来防止电子烟使用者的非自愿金属暴露。
Background: Nickel (Ni) and chromium (Cr) are components of e-cigarette heating coils. Whether e-cigarettes increase metal internal dose, however, is unknown. We assessed the association of e-cigarette use patterns and of e-liquid and aerosol metal concentrations with Ni and Cr biomarker levels in e-cigarette users from Maryland.Methods: We recruited 64 e-cigarette users from December 2015 to March 2016. We collected urine, saliva, and exhaled breath condensate (EBC), data on e-cigarette use, and samples from their e-cigarette device (dispenser e liquid, aerosol, and tank e-liquid).Results: Median Ni and Cr levels were 0.73 and 0.39 mu g/g creatinine in urine, 2.25 and 1.53 mu g/L in saliva, and 1.25 and 0.29 mu g/L in EBC. In adjusted models, tertiles 2 and 3 of aerosol Ni concentrations were associated with 16% and 72% higher urine Ni and 202% and 321% higher saliva Ni compared to the lowest tertile. Tertile 3 of aerosol Cr levels were associated with 193% higher saliva Cr. An earlier time to first vape in the morning and more frequent coil change were associated with higher urine Ni. Tertile 2 of e-liquid consumption per week and voltage were associated with higher saliva Ni levels than tertile 1.Conclusion: Positive associations of Ni and Cr aerosol concentrations with corresponding Ni and Cr biomarker levels indicate e-cigarette emissions increase metal internal dose. Increased e-cigarette use and consumption were also associated with higher Ni biomarker levels. Metal level standards are needed to prevent involuntary metal exposure among e-cigarette users.