RNA-Mediated Epigenetic Programming of Genome Rearrangements.

RNA-Mediated Epigenetic Programming of Genome Rearrangements.
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DOI:
10.1146/annurev-genom-082410-101420
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发表时间:
2011
影响因子:
8.7
通讯作者:
Landweber LF
Landweber LF
中科院分区:
生物学2区
文献类型:
--
作者:
Nowacki M;Shetty K;Landweber LF

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RNA通常被认为是基因表达的管道,在纤毛原生动物中有一种新的作用模式。母体RNA模板既为DNA重排提供了组织指导,也为将体细胞突变转移到下一代提供了模板。这种RNA介导的基因组重排和DNA修复的机会在纤毛虫Oxytricha中意义深远,它在发育过程中删除了95%的种系基因组,这一过程严重破坏了其染色体,然后对剩余的数十万个片段进行分类和重新排序。因此,尖毛藻的体细胞核基因组是通过RNA模板和上一代产生的信号形成的表观基因组。此外,这种RNA介导的表观遗传机制可以在多代中发挥作用,母体模板RNA分子的发现揭示了RNA的新生物学作用,并暗示了RNA分子在细胞中塑造基因组信息的能力。
RNA, normally thought of as a conduit in gene expression, has a novel mode of action in ciliated protozoa. Maternal RNA templates provide both an organizing guide for DNA rearrangements and a template that can transport somatic mutations to the next generation. This opportunity for RNA-mediated genome rearrangement and DNA repair is profound in the ciliate Oxytricha, which deletes 95% of its germline genome during development in a process that severely fragments its chromosomes and then sorts and reorders the hundreds of thousands of pieces remaining. Oxytricha’s somatic nuclear genome is therefore an epigenome formed through RNA templates and signals arising from the previous generation. Furthermore, this mechanism of RNA-mediated epigenetic inheritance can function across multiple generations, and the discovery of maternal template RNA molecules has revealed new biological roles for RNA and has hinted at the power of RNA molecules to sculpt genomic information in cells.
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