The Hermeneutics of the Subject: Lectures at the Collège De France 1981–1982
The Hermeneutics of the Subject: Lectures at the Collège De France 1981–1982
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主体诠释学：法兰西学院讲座 1981-1982
DOI：
10.1080/00335630.2015.994884
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发表时间：
2015
影响因子：
1.1
通讯作者：
Jeremy Engels
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Jeremy Engels
我对民主伦理的理解是通过阅读哲学家米歇尔·福柯关于“自我关怀”的著作而形成的。福柯被要求由他任命在法兰西学院发表公开演讲，每年描述他的研究。在过去的十年中，这些讲座首次被翻译成英文，为福柯的工作提供了宝贵的见解。在他1981-1982年的演讲中，福柯从他对当代性话语的研究（以《性史》第一卷为例）转向了对灵性、反思和自我塑造的经典实践的研究。在这些演讲中，福柯描述了古典思想家--从柏拉图到希腊化哲学家--如何将哲学的必要性（认识自我）和灵性的必要性（照顾自我）联系在一起。古典哲学是围绕着寻找关于自己和世界的真理而组织起来的。古代的哲学家们相信，只有当个人首先学会照顾自己的时候，才能获得这样的知识，这意味着他们学会了对自己的思想、情感、语言和生活拥有所有权。哲学关注真理;灵性关注一个人为了接近真理而必须对自己进行的工作。对福柯来说，关心自我和政治之间有着至关重要的联系。他从阅读柏拉图的对话录《亚西比底斯》开始他对自我关怀的分析。阿西比底斯希望参与政治，他声称自己知道关于民主和群众心理的一切;苏格拉底问了阿西比底斯一些问题，证明他对这些事情一无所知。苏格拉底问亚西比底斯的问题首先是实际的。他们的目标是更好地装备阿尔西比德斯，使其能够管理自己和他人。在雅典民主时代，对自我的照顾是一个必要的，
My understanding of democratic ethics has been shaped by reading the philosopher Michel Foucault’s work on the “care of the self.” Foucault was required by his appointment at the College of France to deliver public lectures each year describing his research. Over the past decade, these lectures have been translated into English for the first time, providing valuable insight into Foucault’s work. In his 1981–1982 lectures, published in English as The Hermeneutics of the Subject, Foucault made a radical detour from his research investigating contemporary discourses of sexuality (exemplified by Volume 1 of The History of Sexuality) to focus on classical practices of spirituality, reflection, and self-fashioning. In these lectures, Foucault described how the classical thinkers—from Plato to the Hellenistic philosophers—twinned the imperatives of philosophy, to know oneself, and of spirituality, to take care of oneself. Classical philosophy was organized around the search for truth, about oneself and the world. The philosophers of antiquity believed that such knowledge could only be attained, however, if individuals first learned to take care of themselves—meaning that they learned to take ownership over their minds, emotions, words, and lives. Philosophy concerned truth; spirituality concerned the work one had to perform on oneself to have access to truth. For Foucault, there is a crucial link between the care of the self and politics. He begins his analysis of the care of the self with a close reading of Plato’s dialogue Alcibiades. Alcibiades wished to become involved in politics, and he claimed to know everything about democracy and the psychology of the masses; Socrates asked Alcibiades a number of questions that proved his ignorance of such things. The questions that Socrates asked Alcibiades were, first and foremost, practical. They were oriented toward better equipping Alcibiades to govern himself and others. In the age of Athenian democracy, the care of the self was an imperative for the