Phytoestrogens: the biochemistry, physiology, and implications for human health of soy isoflavones
Phytoestrogens: the biochemistry, physiology, and implications for human health of soy isoflavones
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DOI：
10.1093/ajcn/68.6.1333s
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发表时间：
1998-12-01
影响因子：
7.1
通讯作者：
Setchell, KDR
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Setchell, KDR
雌激素缺乏引起的病理生理变化很好地说明了雌激素在许多细胞和生化事件的稳态调节中的重要性。西方人群的许多主要疾病都与激素有关，流行病学数据显示，这些疾病的发病率与饮食有很强的联系。特别是，从目前的饮食建议中可以明显看出植物性饮食的重要性，这些建议强调应增加水果和蔬菜的摄入比例和数量。虽然从流行病学和饮食研究中很难解释饮食中单个成分的作用，但人们认识到，有许多植物性生物活性非营养素可以赋予显着的健康益处。在这些植物化学物质中，有一类被称为植物雌激素的非甾体雌激素，在过去的十年中，由于异黄酮在大豆蛋白中的浓度相对较高，人们对异黄酮的作用产生了相当大的兴趣。适量摄入的大豆蛋白中的异黄酮通过肠道菌群进行生物转化，被吸收，经过肠肝再循环，并达到循环浓度，超过内源性雌激素的数个数量级。这些植物雌激素及其代谢物具有许多强有力的激素和非激素活性，这可以解释富含植物雌激素的饮食的一些生物学效应。
The importance of estrogens in homeostatic regulation of many cellular and biochemical events is well illustrated by the pathophysiologic changes that occur with estrogen deficiency. Many of the major diseases of Western populations are hormone dependent and epidemiologic data have shown a strong association between their incidence and diet. In particular, the importance of a plant-based diet is evident from the current dietary recommendations that emphasize an increase in the proportion and amount of fruit and vegetables that should be consumed. Although interpretation of the role of individual components of the diet is difficult from epidemiologic and dietary studies, it is recognized that there are many plant-derived bioactive nonnutrients that can confer significant health benefits. Among these phytochemicals is the broad class of nonsteroidal estrogens called phytoestrogens, and in the past decade there has been considerable interest in the role of isoflavones because of their relatively high concentrations in soy protein. The isoflavones in modest amounts of ingested soy protein are biotransformed by intestinal microflora, are absorbed, undergo enterohepatic recycling, and reach circulating concentrations that exceed by several orders of magnitude the amounts of endogenous estrogens. These phytoestrogens and their metabolites have many potent hormonal and nonhormonal activities that may explain some of the biological effects of diets rich in phytoestrogens.