Bigger, Brighter, Bluer-Better? Current light-emitting devices - adverse sleep properties and preventative strategies
Bigger, Brighter, Bluer-Better? Current light-emitting devices - adverse sleep properties and preventative strategies
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DOI：
10.3389/fpubh.2015.00233
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发表时间：
2015-01-01
影响因子：
5.2
通讯作者：
Revell, Victoria L.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Gringras, Paul;Middleton, Benita;Revell, Victoria L.
目的：为了在白天增强发光（LE）设备的效率、亮度和对比度，显示器经常产生大量的短波长（蓝色富集）光发射，这可能对睡眠产生不利影响。我们着手验证这种短波长的发射的程度，由平板电脑（iPad Air），电子阅读器（Kindle Paperwhite第1代），和智能手机（iPhone 5s），并确定旨在减少这些光emissions的策略的影响。设置：萨里大学专用的时间生物学设施。方法：首先，所有LE设备的光谱功率进行了评估时，显示相同的文本。其次，我们将文本输出与“愤怒的小鸟”（一款流行的100款“App Store”游戏）的文本输出进行了比较。最后，我们测量了试图减少短波长光发射输出的两种策略的影响。第一种策略是使用一副廉价的市售橙色“蓝色阻挡”眼镜。第二种策略测试了一款设计为“睡眠感知”的应用程序，其设计者故意尝试减少短波长光的发射。结果：所有LE设备在显示文本时都具有非常相似的增强短波长峰值。这包括背光Kindle Paperwhite设备的输出。当将文本与愤怒的小鸟游戏进行比较时，光谱也非常相似，尽管文本发射强度更高。橙色眼镜和“睡眠感知”应用程序都显著减少了短波长发射。结论：测试的LE设备都很明亮，并且具有短波长富集发射的特征。由于这种类型的光很可能会对睡眠造成最大的干扰，因为它最有效地抑制了褪黑激素并提高了警觉性，因此需要认识到，在夜间“更亮更蓝”并不等同于“更好”。“理想情况下，未来的软件设计可以更好地优化时，夜间使用的预期，硬件应该允许自动“就寝模式”，转移蓝色和绿色光发射到黄色和红色，以及减少背光/光强度。
Objective: In an effort to enhance the efficiency, brightness, and contrast of light-emitting (LE) devices during the day, displays often generate substantial short-wavelength (blue enriched) light emissions that can adversely affect sleep. We set out to verify the extent of such short-wavelength emissions, produced by a tablet (iPad Air), e-reader (Kindle Paperwhite 1st generation), and smartphone (iPhone 5s) and to determine the impact of strategies designed to reduce these light emissions.Setting: University of Surrey dedicated chronobiology facility.Methods: First, the spectral power of all the LE devices was assessed when displaying identical text. Second, we compared the text output with that of "Angry Birds" a popular top 100 "App Store" game. Finally, we measured the impact of two strategies that attempt to reduce the output of short-wavelength light emissions. The first strategy employed an inexpensive commercially available pair of orange-tinted "blue-blocking" glasses. The second strategy tested an app designed to be "sleep-aware" whose designers deliberately attempted to reduce short-wavelength light emissions.Results: All the LE devices shared very similar enhanced short-wavelength peaks when displaying text. This included the output from the backlit Kindle Paperwhite device. The spectra when comparing text to the Angry Birds game were also very similar, although the text emissions were higher intensity. Both the orange-tinted glasses and the "sleep-aware" app significantly reduced short-wavelength emissions.Conclusion: The LE devices tested were all bright and characterized by short wavelength enriched emissions. Since this type of light is likely to cause the most disruption to sleep as it most effectively suppresses melatonin and increases alertness, there needs to be the recognition that at night-time "brighter and bluer" is not synonymous with "better." Ideally future software design could be better optimized when night-time use is anticipated, and hardware should allow an automatic "bedtime mode" that shifts blue and green light emissions to yellow and red as well as reduce backlight/light intensity.