Interannual dynamics of Tuber melanosporum and fungal communities in productive black truffle orchards amended with truffle nests
Interannual dynamics of Tuber melanosporum and fungal communities in productive black truffle orchards amended with truffle nests
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用松露巢修正高产黑松露果园黑孢块菌和真菌群落的年际动态
DOI：
10.1093/femsec/fiad084
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发表时间：
2023
影响因子：
4.2
通讯作者：
Benucci, Gian Maria Niccolò
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Garcia-Barreda, Sergi;Marco, Pedro;Bonito, Gregory;Parladé, Javier;Sánchez, Sergio;González, Vicente;Larena, Inmaculada;Benucci, Gian Maria Niccolò
块菌种植者致力于提高黑块菌的产量，开发了诸如“块菌巢”（添加块菌孢子接种物的泥炭改良剂）等农艺措施。据推测，与巢相关的提高结果与先前在土壤中建立的块菌菌丝体的刺激或土壤真菌群落中产生的变化有关。为了评估这一点，我们使用实时PCR来量化黑松露根外菌丝体在2年后，巢安装。我们还通过rRNA基因ITS区的高通量扩增子测序表征了真菌群落。我们发现，无论是丰富的块菌菌丝体在巢，也不是在土壤巢相间高于散装土壤，这表明，巢不提高菌丝生长。真菌群落的丰富度和Shannon指数较低，且与土壤真菌群落的组成不同，表明真菌群落可能是真菌定植的开放生态位，有利于块菌结果。外生菌根真菌群落在巢中的丰富度较低。然而，块菌菌丝体和其他外生菌根真菌的读数之间没有发现负相关关系，从而反驳了外生菌根竞争在巢效应中起作用的假设。
Truffle growers devote great efforts to improve black truffle productivity, developing agronomic practices such as ‘truffle nests’ (peat amendments that are supplemented with truffle spore inoculum). It has been hypothesized that improved fruiting associated with nests is linked to stimulation of truffle mycelia previously established in soil or to changes generated in soil fungal community. To assess this, we used real-time PCR to quantify black truffle extraradical mycelium during 2 years after nests installation. We also characterized the fungal community via high-throughput amplicon sequencing of the ITS region of rRNA genes. We found that neither the abundance of truffle mycelium in nests nor in the soil—nest interphase was higher than in the bulk soil, which indicates that nests do not improve mycelial growth. The fungal community in nests showed lower richness and Shannon index and was compositionally different from that of soil, which suggests that nests may act as an open niche for fungal colonization that facilitates truffle fruiting. The ectomycorrhizal fungal community showed lower richness in nests. However, no negative relationships between amount of truffle mycelium and reads of other ectomycorrhizal fungi were found, thus countering the hypothesis that ectomycorrhizal competition plays a role in the nest effect.