Reconstruction of the Carbohydrate 6-O Sulfotransferase Gene Family Evolution in Vertebrates Reveals Novel Member, CHST16, Lost in Amniotes
Reconstruction of the Carbohydrate 6-O Sulfotransferase Gene Family Evolution in Vertebrates Reveals Novel Member, CHST16, Lost in Amniotes
复制标题
DOI：
10.1093/gbe/evz274
复制
发表时间：
2020-07-01
影响因子：
3.3
通讯作者：
Haitina, Tatjana
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Daza, Daniel Ocampo;Haitina, Tatjana
糖胺多聚糖是一种硫酸化的多糖分子，对许多生物过程都是必不可少的。糖胺聚糖的6-O磺基转移酶(C6OSTs)是糖胺聚糖的6-O硫代转移酶，以前称为Gal/GalNAc/GlcNAc 6-O磺基转移酶。本文首次对C6OST家族进行了详细的系统发育重建和基因同时性保守分析，并提出了C6OST家族在主要脊椎动物群体中的进化图景，包括哺乳动物、鸟类、非鸟类爬行动物、两栖动物、叶鳍鱼、鳍鱼、软骨鱼和无颌脊椎动物。C6OST基因的扩展可能在脊索类谱系中很早就开始了，在被囊类分化之后和现存脊椎动物出现之前产生了四个祖先基因。脊椎动物早期进化中的两轮全基因组复制(1R/2R)只贡献了两个额外的C6OST亚型基因，使脊椎动物谱系从4个基因增加到6个，分为两个分支。第一个分支包括CHST1和CHST3，以及之前未被识别的亚型CHST16，该亚型在羊水中丢失。第二个分支包括CHST2、CHST7和CHST5。随后，CHST5的局部复制在四足动物的祖先中产生了CHST4，在灵长类的祖先中产生了CHST6。CHST1、CHST2和CHST3的硬骨特异性基因重复被鉴定为硬骨血统中全基因组复制(3R)的结果。我们还可以检测到多个更新的特定血统的重复基因。因此，脊椎动物的C6OST基因谱系是由脊椎动物进化的几个阶段的基因复制和基因丢失形成的，这与骨骼、神经系统和细胞-细胞相互作用的进化有关。
Glycosaminoglycans are sulfated polysaccharide molecules, essential for many biological processes. The 6-O sulfation of glycosaminoglycans is carried out by carbohydrate 6-O sulfotransferases (C6OSTs), previously named Gal/GalNAc/GlcNAc 6-O sulfotransferases. Here, for the first time, we present a detailed phylogenetic reconstruction, analysis of gene synteny conservation and propose an evolutionary scenario for the C6OST family in major vertebrate groups, including mammals, birds, nonavian reptiles, amphibians, lobe-finned fishes, ray-finned fishes, cartilaginous fishes, and jawless vertebrates.The C6OST gene expansion likely started early in the chordate lineage, giving rise to four ancestral genes after the divergence of tunicates and before the emergence of extant vertebrates. The two rounds of whole-genome duplication in early vertebrate evolution (1R/2R) only contributed two additional C6OST subtype genes, increasing the vertebrate repertoire from four genes to six, divided into two branches. The first branch includes CHST1 and CHST3 as well as a previously unrecognized subtype, CHST16 that was lost in amniotes. The second branch includes CHST2, CHST7, and CHST5. Subsequently, local duplications of CHST5 gave rise to CHST4 in the ancestor of tetrapods, and to CHST6 in the ancestor of primates.The teleost-specific gene duplicates were identified for CHST1, CHST2, and CHST3 and are result of whole-genome duplication (3R) in the teleost lineage. We could also detect multiple, more recent lineage-specific duplicates. Thus, the vertebrate repertoire of C6OST genes has been shaped by gene duplications and gene losses at several stages of vertebrate evolution, with implications for the evolution of skeleton, nervous system, and cell-cell interactions.