Peace research – Just the study of war?
Peace research – Just the study of war?
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和平研究——只是对战争的研究？
DOI：
10.1177/0022343313514074
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发表时间：
2014
影响因子：
3.6
通讯作者：
Håvard Strand
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
N. P. Gleditsch;Jonas Nordkvelle;Håvard Strand
和平的概念从50多年前开始就一直在和平研究中讨论。本文回顾了《和平研究杂志》前49卷中关于广义和狭义和平概念的争论，并对《和平研究杂志》前49卷中的经验模式进行了研究，同时与《冲突解决杂志》进行了比较。从减少战争的意义上说，消极和平从一开始就是和平研究的主要焦点。但积极的和平，在合作或一体化的意义上，也一直在和平研究议程上，反映在这两个期刊的内容。随着时间的推移，JPR中有更多的文章标题中有“暴力”或相关术语，而“和平”一词的发生率相当稳定。此外，关于和平的文章被引用的次数一般少于那些涉及暴力的文章。一个广泛的和平概念，正如积极和平的定义所鼓励的那样，是结构性暴力的逆转，在和平研究中流行了十年左右，但基本上已经消失了。在某种程度上，和平研究已经回到了它最初的议程，尽管主要的注意力已经从国家间战争转移到内战，并在一定程度上转移到单方面的和非国家的暴力。关于合作模式的文章，积极和平的传统含义，现在倾向于解决自由主义议程，并询问他们如何能够促进减少暴力的可能性。尽管存在“性别差距”，但该杂志中女性作者比例的增加似乎对这些发展几乎没有影响，尽管它很可能有其他影响。
The concept of peace has been under discussion in peace research from its start over 50 years ago. This article reviews the debate on broader and narrower conceptions of peace and investigates empirical patterns in the first 49 volumes of Journal of Peace Research, with some comparisons with Journal of Conflict Resolution. Negative peace, in the sense of reducing war, was the main focus in peace research from the inception. But positive peace, in the sense of cooperation or integration, has also always been on the peace research agenda, as reflected in the contents of both journals. Over time, a larger share of the articles in JPR has ‘violence’ or related terms in the title, while the incidence of the word ‘peace’ is fairly stable. Furthermore, articles on peace generally have fewer citations than those with violence-related terms. A broad concept of peace, as encouraged by the definition of positive peace as the reversal of structural violence, was popular in peace research for a decade or so, but has largely evaporated. To some extent, peace research has returned to its original agenda, although the main attention has shifted from interstate war to civil war and to some extent to one-sided and non-state violence. Articles dealing with patterns of cooperation, the traditional meaning of positive peace, now tend to address the liberal agenda and ask how they can foster a reduced probability of violence. Despite the ‘gender gap’, the increasing share of female authors in the journal appears to have had little influence on these developments although it may well have had other effects.