Logistic analysis of studies with two-stage sampling: a comparison of four approaches.
Logistic analysis of studies with two-stage sampling: a comparison of four approaches.
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两阶段抽样研究的逻辑分析：四种方法的比较。
作者：
Walter Schill;K. Drescher
本文讨论了两阶段研究的分析，其中协变量在第一阶段的抽样中缺失或测量有误差，并在第二阶段的子样本中进行验证。综述了最近发展起来的四种方法，即弗兰德斯和格林兰（1991）的加权伪似然法，Breslow和Cain（1988）和Schill等人（1993）的伪条件似然法，以及通过EM算法得到的极大似然估计（Wacholder和温伯格，1994），并建立了它们之间的某些联系。它表明，相对于比值比估计，病例对照设计可以分析，如果第一阶段抽样已经前瞻性。数值比较的程序在缺失值设置的渐近相对效率。
This paper discusses the analysis of two-stage studies where covariates are missing or measured with error at the first stage of sampling and are validated at the second stage in a subsample. Four recently developed approaches, the weighted pseudo-likelihood method of Flanders and Greenland (1991), the pseudo-conditional likelihood methods of Breslow and Cain (1988) and Schill et al. (1993) and the maximum likelihood estimate obtained via the EM-algorithm (Wacholder and Weinberg, 1994) are reviewed, and some connections between them are established. It is shown that, with respect to odds ratio estimation, case-control designs can be analysed as if first-stage sampling had been prospective. The procedures are numerically compared with respect to asymptotic relative efficiency in a missing value setting.