Towards cooperative guidance and control of highly automated vehicles: H-Mode and Conduct-by-Wire
Towards cooperative guidance and control of highly automated vehicles: H-Mode and Conduct-by-Wire
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DOI：
10.1080/00140139.2013.869355
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发表时间：
2014-03-04
期刊：
影响因子：
2.4
通讯作者：
Bruder, Ralph
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Flemisch, Frank Ole;Bengler, Klaus;Bruder, Ralph
本文提出了车辆协同制导与控制的一般人机工程学框架，重点是人与高度自动化的车辆之间的协同。在21世纪，移动性和自动化技术日益融合。在空中，高度自动化的飞机正在以极高的安全记录飞行。在地面上，各种驾驶员辅助系统正在开发中，具有越来越多自主能力的高度自动化车辆正在成为可能。以人为中心的自动化为自动化和人类之间更好的合作铺平了道路。如何构建这些高度自动化的系统以便于理解，它们将如何与人类合作？本研究采用三角剖分迭代构建和求精框架的方法，即用至少两个派生的概念和原型实例化和测试框架。本文勾画了一个概念性的高度自动化车辆协同制导和控制的概念性人机工程学框架，从该框架衍生出两个概念，即原型和飞行员数据。合作体现在一系列方面，并与驾驶任务的级别有关。在有线指挥的概念下，合作主要发生在导引层面，驾驶员可以通过专门的操纵界面将操纵委托给自动化系统。H-模式是一种基于H(或SE)隐喻的与高度自动化车辆的触觉-多模式交互，合作主要是在导航和控制方面进行的，具有触觉主动接口。协作性应该是未来人类自动化系统的一个关键方面。特别是对于高度自动化的车辆，协同制导和控制是一个研究方向，已经有了很有前途的概念和原型，应该进一步探索。所提出的方法的应用是移动的每个人机系统，并且包括高水平的辅助/自动化。实践者摘要：本文的目的是勾勒出协作制导和控制的一般人体工学框架。在一般描述之后，通过已经为其开发了原型实施例并进行初步评估的两个示例的描述来图示该框架。初步研究的主要结果表明，系统性能和接受度良好。
This article provides a general ergonomic framework of cooperative guidance and control for vehicles with an emphasis on the cooperation between a human and a highly automated vehicle. In the twenty-first century, mobility and automation technologies are increasingly fused. In the sky, highly automated aircraft are flying with a high safety record. On the ground, a variety of driver assistance systems are being developed, and highly automated vehicles with increasingly autonomous capabilities are becoming possible. Human-centred automation has paved the way for a better cooperation between automation and humans. How can these highly automated systems be structured so that they can be easily understood, how will they cooperate with the human? The presented research was conducted using the methods of iterative build-up and refinement of framework by triangulation, i.e. by instantiating and testing the framework with at least two derived concepts and prototypes. This article sketches a general, conceptual ergonomic framework of cooperative guidance and control of highly automated vehicles, two concepts derived from the framework, prototypes and pilot data. Cooperation is exemplified in a list of aspects and related to levels of the driving task. With the concept Conduct-by-Wire', cooperation happens mainly on the guidance level, where the driver can delegate manoeuvres to the automation with a specialised manoeuvre interface. With H-Mode, a haptic-multimodal interaction with highly automated vehicles based on the H(orse)-Metaphor, cooperation is mainly done on guidance and control with a haptically active interface. Cooperativeness should be a key aspect for future human-automation systems. Especially for highly automated vehicles, cooperative guidance and control is a research direction with already promising concepts and prototypes that should be further explored. The application of the presented approach is every human-machine system that moves and includes high levels of assistance/automation. Practitioner Summary: The aim of this article is to sketch a general ergonomic framework of cooperative guidance and control. After a general description, the framework is illustrated through descriptions of two examples for which prototype embodiments have been developed and preliminary evaluations conducted. Major findings of pilot studies show good system performance and acceptance.