Residues of volatile halocarbons in foods using headspace gas chromatography
Residues of volatile halocarbons in foods using headspace gas chromatography
复制标题
使用顶空气相色谱法测定食品中挥发性卤代烃残留
DOI：
10.1021/jf00113a013
复制
发表时间：
1982
影响因子：
6.1
通讯作者：
G. Diachenko
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
R. Entz;K. Thomas;G. Diachenko
作为衡量人群接触空气、食品和水中污染物的试点项目的一部分，通过气相色谱顶空分析测定了食品中的挥发性卤化碳 (VHC) 残留量。根据食品和药物管理局的总体饮食市场篮子计划，在三个地理区域的每个零售市场购买了 39 种不同的食品。这些食品按照食用方式制备，并分为四种代表乳制品的组合物；肉、鱼和家禽；油、脂肪和起酥油；和饮料。分析了二十种复合材料（列出的四种中的五组）；八种含有 VHC 残留物（氯仿、溴二氯甲烷、1,1,1-三氯乙烷和三氯乙烯），浓度通常为 ppb（纳克/克）。还对八种阳性复合材料中的各个食品进行了分析，以确定哪些食品含有 VHC。该方法的评估表明，它适用于筛查多种食品中的 VHC 残留。挥发性卤化碳 (VHC)，如氯仿、四氯化碳、1,1,1-三氯乙烷、三氯乙烯和四氯乙烯，主要用作工业溶剂和化学中间体。这些化合物每年的产量达数千万至数亿磅（国际贸易委员会，1979）。此外，三卤甲烷（THM）可以通过水的氯化产生。 VHC 之所以引起人们的关注，是因为它们的大量生产可能导致它们作为食品污染物存在，而且有些对动物具有致癌性。食品中存在一些 VHC 残留已有报道（McConnell 等人，1975 年；Page 和 Kennedy，1975 年；Page 和 Charbonneau，1977 年；Gilbert 等人，1978 年；Entz 和 Hollifield，1982 年）。美国环境保护局 (EPA) 要求美国食品和药物管理局 (FDA) 食品局参与一项试点研究，作为测量人类通过空气、水和食物途径接触各种有毒污染物的计划的一部分。该试点研究是与美国环保署该项目的首席承包商三角研究所联合进行的，旨在完善和测试食品中 VHC 的分析程序。本研究中使用的技术基于之前的顶空气相色谱 (GC) 工作（Entz 和 Hollifield，1982）。选择八种化合物用于评估分析程序：氯仿 (CHCl3)、溴二氯甲烷 (CHCl2Br)、四氯化碳 (CCl4)、1, 2-二氯乙烷 (EDC)、1, 2-二溴乙烷 (EDB)、1, 1, 1-三氯乙烷 (MC)、三氯乙烯 (TCE) 和四氯乙烯 (PCE)。食品是根据 FDA 的总饮食研究成人市场篮子在零售市场购买的（Duggan 和 McFarland，1967 年；Duggan 和 Cook，1971 年）。新泽西州伊丽莎白、北卡罗来纳州教堂山和华盛顿特区是采样点。
As part of a pilot project to measure the exposure of population groups to contaminants in air, food, and water, volatile halocarbon (VHC) residues were determined in foods by using gas chromatographic headspace analysis. Thirty-nine different food items were purchased atretail markets in each of three geographical areas in accordance with the Food and Drug Administration’s TotalDiet Market Basket program. The foods were prepared as for consumption and divided into four composites representing dairy products; meat, fish, and poultry; oils, fats, and shortening; and beverages. Twenty composites (five sets of the four listed) were analyzed; eight containedVHC residues (chloroform, bromodichloromethane, 1, 1, 1-trichloroethane, and trichloroethylene), generally at ppb (nanograms per gram) concentrations. The individual foods inthe eight positive composites were also analyzed to determine which foods contained VHCs. Evaluation of the approach indicates that it is suitable for screening a wide variety of foods for VHC residues.Volatile halocarbons (VHCs) such as chloroform, carbon tetrachloride, 1, 1, 1-trichloroethane, trichloroethylene, and tetrachloroethylene are used primarily as industrial sol-vents and chemical intermediates. Tens to hundreds of millions of pounds each of these compounds are produced annually (International Trade Commission, 1979). In addition, trihalomethanes (THMs) may be produced through the chlorination of water. VHCs are of interest because their large production volumes may lead to their presence as contaminants of foods and because some are carcinogenic in animals. Some VHC residues in foods have been reported (McConnell et al., 1975; Page andKennedy, 1975; Page and Charbonneau, 1977; Gilbert et al., 1978; Entz and Hollifield, 1982). The Food and Drug Administration’s (FDA) Bureau of Foods was asked by the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) to participate in a pilot study as part of a program to measure human exposure to various toxic pollutants through the pathways of air, water, and food. The pilot study was undertaken in conjunction with Research Tri-angle Institute, the chief EPA contractor for the project, to refine and test procedures for the analysis of foods for VHCs. The techniques used in this study were based on previous work on headspace gas chromatography (GC)(Entz and Hollifield, 1982). Eight compounds were se-lected for evaluation of the analytical procedure: chloroform (CHC13), bromodichloromethane (CHCl2Br), carbon tetrachloride (CC14), 1, 2-dichloroethane (EDC), 1, 2-di-bromoethane (EDB), 1, 1, 1-trichloroethane (MC), tri-chloroethylene (TCE), and tetrachloroethylene (PCE). Foods were purchased at retail markets in accordance with FDA’s Total Diet Study Adult Market Basket (Duggan and McFarland, 1967; Duggan and Cook, 1971). Elizabeth, NJ, Chapel Hill, NC, and Washington, DC, were the sampling sites.