Impact of primary safety belt laws on alcohol-related front-seat occupant fatalities: five case studies.
Impact of primary safety belt laws on alcohol-related front-seat occupant fatalities: five case studies.
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DOI：
10.1080/15389580701218489
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发表时间：
2007-09-01
影响因子：
2
通讯作者：
Nichols, James L
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Voas, Robert B;Fell, James C;Nichols, James L
目标：受损驾驶员和其他高风险道路使用者不太可能使用安全带，从而增加了发生碰撞时致命伤害的风险。尽管安全带法律已被证明可以提高白天未发生碰撞事故的驾驶员及其前座乘客的佩戴率，但几乎没有证据表明这些法律对涉及碰撞事故的酒后驾驶员及其乘客使用安全带的影响。 方法：本研究评估了从二级法律升级到主要安全带法对在五个州的致命事故中由酒后驾驶员驾驶的客车前座乘员的影响：加利福尼亚州、伊利诺伊州、 马里兰州、密歇根州和华盛顿州。用于评估这些法律升级的结果指标是（1）致命车祸中醉酒司机驾驶的客车前座乘客安全带使用率的变化，以及（2）醉酒司机驾驶的客车中与酒精相关的前座乘客死亡人数的变化。 结果：五个州中有四个州显示，在致命车祸中，酒后司机驾驶的客车前座乘客安全带使用率有所增加。 升级到主要安全带法。三个州（加利福尼亚州、密歇根州和华盛顿州）酒后驾驶车辆中前座乘员的死亡人数显着减少。 结论：在五个州中的三个州中，主要法律升级的采用与安全带使用量的显着增加（五个州中的四个州）以及高风险乘员（即涉及醉酒司机驾驶车辆中致命事故的前座乘员）的死亡人数显着减少有关。 研究过。
OBJECTIVE: Impaired drivers and other high-risk road users are less likely to use their safety belts, thus increasing the risk of fatal injury in the event of a crash. Although safety belt laws have been shown to increase wearing rates for daytime non-crash-involved drivers and their front-seat passengers, little evidence is available on the effect these laws have on belt usage by crash-involved drinking drivers and their passengers.METHODS: This study evaluated the influence of primary safety belt law upgrades from secondary laws on front-seat occupants of passenger cars driven by drinking drivers in fatal crashes in five states: California, Illinois, Maryland, Michigan, and Washington. The outcome measures used to evaluate these law upgrades were (1) the change in safety belt usage rates of front-seat occupants in passenger cars driven by drinking drivers in fatal crashes and (2) the change in alcohol-related front-seat occupant fatalities in passenger cars driven by drinking drivers.RESULTS: Four of the five states demonstrated increases in safety belt use by front-seat occupants of passenger cars of drinking drivers in fatal crashes following the upgrade to primary safety belt laws. Three states (California, Michigan, and Washington) experienced significant reductions in the number of front-seat occupant fatalities in vehicles driven by drinking drivers.CONCLUSIONS: The adoption of primary law upgrades was associated with significant increases in safety belt use (four of five states) and significant reductions in fatalities among high-risk occupants (i.e., front-seat occupants involved in fatal crashes in vehicles driven by drinking drivers) in three of the five states studied.