Fungi associated with rocks of the Atacama Desert: taxonomy, distribution, diversity, ecology and bioprospection for bioactive compounds
Fungi associated with rocks of the Atacama Desert: taxonomy, distribution, diversity, ecology and bioprospection for bioactive compounds
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DOI：
10.1111/1462-2920.13005
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发表时间：
2016-01-01
影响因子：
5.1
通讯作者：
Rosa, Luiz H.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Goncalves, Vivian N.;Cantrell, Charles L.;Rosa, Luiz H.
这项研究评估了阿塔卡马沙漠可栽培的岩石伴生真菌的多样性。对获得的81个真菌菌株进行DNA测序，共鉴定出29个子囊菌分类群。耐盐枝孢菌、产黄青霉和青霉cf.桔梗是最常见的树种，至少分布在四个不同的海拔高度。真菌群落的多样性指数和相似性指数在纬度梯度上变化较大。粉砂岩和细粒火山碎屑岩基质中真菌群落的Fisher-a指数值越高，退化程度越大。共有23种真菌提取物对不同的筛选目标显示出活性。产黄假单胞菌提取液中含有α-亚麻酸和麦角甾醇过氧化产物，分别对新生隐球菌和耐甲氧西林金黄色葡萄球菌有抑制作用。我们的研究首次报道了与阿塔卡马沙漠岩石相关的真菌的新栖息地，并指出了有趣的真菌群落的存在，包括与腐生菌、寄生虫/病原体和产霉毒素类群相关的物种。岩石的地质特征，与丰富的常驻/弹性真菌群落的存在相关联，表明这些岩石可能提供了在极端条件下真菌定殖、生存和扩散的有利微环境。
This study assessed the diversity of cultivable rock-associated fungi from Atacama Desert. A total of 81 fungal isolates obtained were identified as 29 Ascomycota taxa by sequencing different regions of DNA. Cladosporium halotolerans, Penicillium chrysogenum and Penicillium cf. citrinum were the most frequent species, which occur at least in four different altitudes. The diversity and similarity indices ranged in the fungal communities across the latitudinal gradient. The Fisher-a index displayed the higher values for the fungal communities obtained from the siltstone and fine matrix of pyroclastic rocks with finer grain size, which are more degraded. A total of 23 fungal extracts displayed activity against the different targets screened. The extract of P. chrysogenum afforded the compounds a-linolenic acid and ergosterol endoperoxide, which were active against Cryptococcus neoformans and methicillin-resistance Staphylococcus aureus respectively. Our study represents the first report of a new habitat of fungi associated with rocks of the Atacama Desert and indicated the presence of interesting fungal community, including species related with saprobes, parasite/pathogen and mycotoxigenic taxa. The geological characteristics of the rocks, associated with the presence of rich resident/resilient fungal communities suggests that the rocks may provide a favourable microenvironment fungal colonization, survival and dispersal in extreme conditions.