Going Deeper into High and Low Phylogenetic Relationships of Protura
Going Deeper into High and Low Phylogenetic Relationships of Protura
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深入研究 Protura 的高低系统发育关系
DOI：
10.3390/genes10040292
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发表时间：
2019-04
期刊：
影响因子：
3.5
通讯作者：
Luan Yun-Xia
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Carapelli Antonio;Bu Yun;Chen Wan-Jun;Nardi Francesco;Leo Chiara;Frati Francesco;Luan Yun-Xia
原尾类是一种小型、无翅、生活在土壤中的节肢动物，通常与六足类的早期多样化有关。它们奇异的形态，加上相互矛盾的分子研究结果，仍然使它们的分类模糊不清。此外，他们有限的传播能力（由于主要没有翅膀）和他们的euedaphic生活方式大大复杂的物种水平的识别。线粒体和核标记已被应用于本研究，在不同的等级水平上研究和总结原尾类的系统学。两个新的线粒体基因组的描述，并包括在门水平的系统发育分析，但原尾的位置不能解决的信心，由于加速的替代率和广泛的基因重排。还应用线粒体和核基因座来修订类内系统学，恢复了三个原尾目和大部分作为单系的科/亚科，但Acerentominae亚科除外。在物种水平上，大多数形态学描述的物种被确认使用分子标记，有一些例外，包括核，以及线粒体，标记和形态的优点进行了讨论。在各个层面上，扩大分类单元采样和整合来自不同来源的数据可能对解决仍然存在于原尾虫进化史上的开放性问题有重要帮助。
Proturans are small, wingless, soil-dwelling arthropods, generally associated with the early diversification of Hexapoda. Their bizarre morphology, together with conflicting results of molecular studies, has nevertheless made their classification ambiguous. Furthermore, their limited dispersal capability (due to the primarily absence of wings) and their euedaphic lifestyle have greatly complicated species-level identification. Mitochondrial and nuclear markers have been applied herein to investigate and summarize proturan systematics at different hierarchical levels. Two new mitochondrial genomes are described and included in a phylum-level phylogenetic analysis, but the position of Protura could not be resolved with confidence due to an accelerated rate of substitution and extensive gene rearrangements. Mitochondrial and nuclear loci were also applied in order to revise the intra-class systematics, recovering three proturan orders and most of the families/subfamilies included as monophyletic, with the exception of the subfamily Acerentominae. At the species level, most morphologically described species were confirmed using molecular markers, with some exceptions, and the advantages of including nuclear, as well as mitochondrial, markers and morphology are discussed. At all levels, an enlarged taxon sampling and the integration of data from different sources may be of significant help in solving open questions that still persist on the evolutionary history of Protura.
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