Spatio-temporal variability of soil sulfur content and arylsulfatase activity at a conventionally managed arable field
Spatio-temporal variability of soil sulfur content and arylsulfatase activity at a conventionally managed arable field
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DOI：
10.1016/j.geoderma.2017.02.009
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发表时间：
2017-06-01
期刊：
影响因子：
6.1
通讯作者：
Gozdowski, Dariusz
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Piotrowska-Dlugosz, Anna;Siwik-Ziomek, Anetta;Gozdowski, Dariusz
硫 (S) 长期以来一直被认为是植物新陈代谢所必需的，但在过去 30 年里，日益严重的硫短缺已成为全世界的一个问题。因此，应开展更多研究来确定硫的含量和时空变异性，以改善对该元素的管理。本研究的目的是在地块尺度上评估土壤硫形态和芳基硫酸酯酶活性与选定理化性质的时空变化。使用网格土壤采样（10 x 10 m）来测量 0.4 ha 田地土壤性质的空间变化。 2007 年 4 月、8 月和 2008 年，从 50 个地点的 Luvisols 上部 27 cm 处收集了土壤样品。分析了总硫 (S-TOT)、有机硫 (S-ORG) 和有效硫 (SO42--S) 浓度以及芳基硫酸酯酶 (AS) 活性。此外，还测定了总有机碳 (C-ORG)、总氮 (N-TOT) 浓度、土壤 pH (KCl) 以及质地和水分含量。使用经典统计和地统计方法对数据集进行分析。基于方差分析，发现除CoRG、NTOT和pHR0之外的土壤性质在四个采样日期之间表现出显着差异（Tukey's检验，p < 0.05）。此外，根据 Spearman 等级相关系数，我们发现数据集的时间稳定性没有显示出明显的与时间相关的变化。平均相对差（MRD）也表明了土壤特性随时间的相对较高程度的变化。一般来说，与 AS 活性相比，S 形式以及 CoRG 和 Nror 浓度具有更高水平的时间稳定性。在研究的特性中，只有所有采样时间的 AS 活动和 8 月份测量的所有 S 形式（2008 年的 S-TOT 和 2007 年的 SO42-S 除外）揭示了空间自相关（Moran's 1）。所有研究的特性都显示了基台中块金效应的高贡献（超过 50%）或纯块金效应。一些特性显示了中等空间结构（块金/基台比在 59.2% 和 70.3% 之间），而 2008 年 8 月测量的 SoRG 浓度和 2008 年分析的 AS 活性属于弱变异类别。只有 2007 年的 AS 活动显示出纯块金效应。为分析的属性计算的空间自相关范围在 20.0 至 34.0 m 之间。这项研究的结果对于理解和预测土壤属性总变异性中内部因素的贡献至关重要，这些内部因素可能会干扰土壤管理实践的影响。时空变化表明，研究区域在时间上不稳定，采样策略中必须包含更频繁的采样，以便更好地了解土壤中的 S 形式和 AS 活动是否始终显示出永久的空间模式，或者它们是否更加随机。 (C) 2017 Elsevier B.V. 保留所有权利。
Sulfur (S) has long been recognized as essential for plant metabolism, but over the last 30 years the increasing deficit of sulfur has become a problem all over the world. For this reason, more research should be devoted to determining the content and spatio-temporal variability of sulfur in relation to an improved management of this element. The aims of this study were to assess the spatio-temporal variability of soil sulfur forms and arylsulfatase activity against selected physicochemical properties on a plot scale.A grid soil sampling (10 x 10 m) was used to measure the spatial variation of soil properties across a 0.4 ha field. Soil samples were collected from the upper 27 cm of Luvisols at 50 location in April and August 2007 and 2008. The total (S-TOT), organic (S-ORG) and available (SO42--S) sulfur concentrations and arylsulfatase (AS) activity were analyzed. Additionally, total organic carbon (C-ORG), total nitrogen (N-TOT) concentrations, soil pH(KCl) as well as texture and water content were determined. The dataset was analyzed using classical statistical and geostatistical methods.Based on the analysis of variance, it was found that soil properties, except for CoRG, NTOT and pHR0, showed significant differences between the four sampling dates (Tukey's test, p < 0.05). Additionally, it was found that the temporal stability of the data set showed no clear time -associated shift based on Spearman's rank correlations coefficients. Relatively high degree of variability of the soil properties over time was also indicated by the mean relative differences (MRD). Generally, higher level of temporal stability was noted for the S forms and CoRG and Nror concentrations as compared to the AS activity. Among the studied propertieS, only AS activity at all sampling times and all of the S forms measured in August (except S-TOT in 2008 and SO42-S in 2007) revealed a spatial autocorrelation (Moran's 1). All the studied properties revealed a high contribution of nugget effect in sill (over 50%) or pure nugget effect Some properties revealed a moderate spatial structure (a nugget/sill ratio between 59.2 and 70.3%), whereas the concentration of SoRG measured in August 2008,and AS activity analyzed in 2008 were in the weak variability class. Only AS activity in 2007 showed a pure nugget effect The range of spatial autocorrelation calculated for the analyzed properties was between 20.0 and 34.0 m.Results of this study are essential to understand and predict the contribution of internal factors in the total variability of soil properties that can interfere with the influence of soil management practices. The spatio-temporal variability showed that the studied area was temporally unstable and more frequent sampling must be included in the sampling strategy in order to better understand whether the S forms and AS activity always show permanent spatial patterns in soil or whether they are more randomized. (C) 2017 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.