Environmental influences on skin aging and ethnic-specific manifestations.
Environmental influences on skin aging and ethnic-specific manifestations.
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DOI：
10.4161/derm.19858
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发表时间：
2012-07-01
期刊：
影响因子：
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通讯作者：
Krutmann J
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Vierkötter A;Krutmann J
皮肤老化不仅仅是由于时间的流逝，而且还由于暴露于不同的环境因素而发生。由环境因素引起的皮肤老化过程被称为过早或外在皮肤老化过程，并且可以通过特征性皮肤老化体征与时间性（内在）皮肤老化过程区分。众所周知，导致外在皮肤老化的环境因素是阳光照射和吸烟。最近，一项流行病学研究可能会进一步发现空气污染与皮肤衰老之间的联系。首先，发现了阳光照射的皮肤老化诱导效应，并为这一特殊领域的外在皮肤老化提供了自己的术语（光老化）。机制研究进一步增加了我们对环境因素导致外在皮肤老化的分子途径的了解。在这方面，在过去几年中，人们对阳光照射如何导致外在皮肤老化有了深刻的了解，此外，还有迹象表明吸烟和空气污染可能会导致这一过程。此外，认识到外在皮肤老化在不同人群之间表现不同。因此，在这篇综述中，我们总结了不同的环境因素：阳光照射，吸烟和空气污染对皮肤老化的影响，并进一步提出种族特异性外在皮肤老化的表现。
Skin aging does not only occur by passing time alone but also by the exposure to different environmental factors. The skin aging process, which is induced by environmental factors, is named premature or extrinsic skin aging process and can be distinguished from the chronologically (intrinsic) skin aging process by characteristic skin aging signs. Well known environmental factors leading to extrinsic skin aging are sun exposure and smoking. Recently, an epidemiological study could further discover an association between air pollution and skin aging. First of all the skin aging inducing effect of sun exposure was discovered and an own term (photoaging) was given to this special field of extrinsic skin aging. Mechanistic studies have further increased our knowledge about the molecular pathways by which environmental factors contribute to extrinsic skin aging. In this regard, profound knowledge how sun exposure leads to extrinsic skin aging were gained in the last years, and additionally there are also indications how smoking and air pollution might contribute to this process. Moreover it was realized that extrinsic skin aging manifests differently between different populations. Thus, in this review we summarize the influence of the different environmental factors: sun exposure, smoking and air pollution on skin aging and further present ethnic-specific manifestations of extrinsic skin aging.