Selection, generalized transmission and the evolution of modifier genes. I. The reduction principle.
Selection, generalized transmission and the evolution of modifier genes. I. The reduction principle.
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DOI：
10.1093/genetics/117.3.559
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发表时间：
1987-11
期刊：
影响因子：
3.3
通讯作者：
Lee Altenberg;Marcus W. Feldman
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Lee Altenberg;Marcus W. Feldman
修饰基因模型用于探索生物体特征的进化，例如遗传系统，这些特征不直接参与适应度的确定。最近的工作表明，一个一般的“还原原理”持有的重组，突变和迁移的选择性中性改性剂的模型。在这里，我们提出了一个框架模型的修饰基因，显示这些减少的结果是一个更一般的理论，重组和突变的特殊情况。影响种群遗传组成的决定性力量可以分为两类：选择和传递。选择包括不同的生存力，受精力和交配成功。不完全传递是由于重组、突变和迁移、减数分裂、基因转换和减数分裂驱动等现象而发生的。选择性中性修饰基因影响传播，中性修饰基因只能通过与其影响传播的选定基因产生关联来进化。我们发现，在随机交配种群平衡，不完善的传输选择的基因允许他们的边际适应度的方差保持。选择基因的边缘适应性的这种变化是驱动中性修饰基因进化的原因。在平衡状态下，边缘适应度存在差异的种群总是受到修饰基因的入侵，这些基因带来了所选基因的完美传递。它也被发现，在一定的约束条件下，对于修饰基因，我们称之为“线性变异”的传输过程中，一个新的修饰等位基因可以入侵一个种群平衡，如果它降低了不完美的传输水平作用于选定的基因，并将被驱逐，如果它增加了不完美的传输水平。此外，强度的诱导选择的修饰基因的范围内的顺序离开的遗传系统从完美的传输。
Modifier gene models are used to explore the evolution of features of organisms, such as the genetic system, that are not directly involved in the determination of fitness. Recent work has shown that a general "reduction principle" holds in models of selectively neutral modifiers of recombination, mutation, and migration. Here we present a framework for models of modifier genes that shows these reduction results to be part of a more general theory, for which recombination and mutation are special cases. The deterministic forces that affect the genetic composition of a population can be partitioned into two categories: selection and transmission. Selection includes differential viabilities, fertilities, and mating success. Imperfect transmission occurs as a result of such phenomena as recombination, mutation and migration, meiosis, gene conversion, and meiotic drive. Selectively neutral modifier genes affect transmission, and a neutral modifier gene can evolve only by generating association with selected genes whose transmission it affects. We show that, in randomly mating populations at equilibrium, imperfect transmission of selected genes allows a variance in their marginal fitnesses to be maintained. This variance in the marginal fitnesses of selected genes is what drives the evolution of neutral modifier genes. Populations with a variance in marginal fitnesses at equilibrium are always subject to invasion by modifier genes that bring about perfect transmission of the selected genes. It is also found, within certain constraints, that for modifier genes producing what we call "linear variation" in the transmission processes, a new modifier allele can invade a population at equilibrium if it reduces the level of imperfect transmission acting on the selected genes, and will be expelled if it increases the level of imperfect transmission. Moreover, the strength of the induced selection on the modifier gene is shown to range up to the order of the departure of the genetic system from perfect transmission.