Temporal and spatial variation characteristics of atmospheric emissions of Cd, Cr, and Pb from coal in China
Temporal and spatial variation characteristics of atmospheric emissions of Cd, Cr, and Pb from coal in China
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中国煤炭Cd、Cr、Pb大气排放时空变化特征
DOI：
10.1016/j.atmosenv.2011.12.045
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发表时间：
2012-04-01
影响因子：
5
通讯作者：
Hao, Jiming
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Tian, Hezhong;Cheng, Ke;Hao, Jiming
采用最佳可得排放因子和年活动数据，建立了1980-2008年中国燃煤污染物镉（Cd）、铬（Cr）和铅（Pb）的大气排放清单。研究结果表明：2008年，Cd、Cr和Pb的排放总量分别从1980年的31.14 t、1019.07 t和2671.73 t迅速增加到261.52 t、8593.35 t和12561.77 t。工业部门是主要的污染源，分别占Cd、Cr和Pb排放总量的88.3%、86.7%和81.8%。观察到显著不均匀的空间分配特征。排放主要集中在中国北方和东部地区的省份，原因是工业和电力部门的煤炭使用量差别很大。利用月火力发电量、月工业总产值和月平均环境温度等指标，建立了不同行业的月排放量时间剖面。对于发电厂，在冷季和热季有两个高峰，而对于工业部门，排放量在夏季和秋季最大。此外，在自下而上的库存的不确定性进行了量化的蒙特卡洛模拟，和整体的不确定性被证明为-16%至45%的镉，-13%至20%的铬，和-21%至48%的铅，分别。为了更好地了解这些金属的排放情况，并采取有效措施防止中毒，有必要进行更具体的数据收集和分析。(C)2011爱思唯尔有限公司保留所有权利。
Multiple-year inventory of atmospheric emissions of cadmium (Cd), chromium (Cr), and lead (Pb) from coal burning in China have been established for the period 1980-2008 by using best available emission factors and annual activity data which are specified by different sub-categories of combustion facilities, coal types, and air pollution control devices. Our results show that the total emissions of Cd, Cr, and Pb have rapidly increased from 31.14 t, 1019.07 t, and 2671.73 t in 1980 to 261.52 t, 8593.35 t, and 12 561.77 t in 2008, respectively. The industrial sector ranks as the leading source, contributing similar to 88.3%, similar to 86.7%, and similar to 81.8% of the total Cd, Cr, and Pb emissions, respectively. Remarkably uneven spatial allocation features are observed. The emissions are primarily concentrated in the provinces of the northern and eastern region of China owing to the dramatic difference in coal use by the industrial and power sectors. Monthly temporal emission profiles for different sectors are established by using indexes such as monthly thermal electricity generation, monthly gross industrial output values and monthly average ambient temperature. For the power plants, there are two peaks during cold and hot season while for the industrial sector, emissions are most substantial in the summer and autumn season. Further, uncertainties in the bottom-up inventories are quantified by Monte Carlo simulation, and the overall uncertainties are demonstrated as -16% to 45% for Cd, -13% to 20% for Cr, and -21% to 48% for Pb, respectively. To better understand the emissions of these metals and to adopt effective measures to prevent poisoning, more specific data collection and analysis are necessary. (C) 2011 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.