Busy places and broken windows? Toward defining the role of physical structure and process in community crime models
Busy places and broken windows? Toward defining the role of physical structure and process in community crime models
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DOI：
10.1525/tsq.2004.45.2.185
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发表时间：
2004-03-01
影响因子：
1.2
通讯作者：
Jones, S
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Wilcox, P;Quisenberry, N;Jones, S
借用社会解体理论的系统模型，以及从人类生态学和城市地理学的理论，我们研究了土地利用对社区暴力和盗窃率的影响。我们认为，社区犯罪受到社区中不同的非住宅物理空间的不同影响-不同的是它们是否是以成年人为中心的，“以商业为导向”的公共空间与公共但仍然“以居民为中心”的空间，特别是对社区青年（例如，教育和娱乐空间）。我们研究潜在的主要，中介和调节邻里社会结构，以居民为中心的与面向企业的公共土地使用，和邻里层面的过程，包括邻居和身体的不文明，使用数据从100西雅图人口普查区。结果表明，学校对社区暴力的影响主要是直接的，而商业场所对暴力犯罪的影响是介导的，但不完全，身体障碍。相比之下，游乐场对暴力的影响因住宅不稳定而有所缓和。关于入室盗窃，学校的存在并不重要。企业的存在会增加入室盗窃的数量，尽管这种影响在一定程度上又受到身体障碍的影响。企业的影响也受到住宅稳定性的影响。游乐场的存在增加了盗窃风险，无论邻里的社会结构特征。
Borrowing from the systemic model of social disorganization theory as well as from theories of human ecology and urban geography, we examine the effects of land use on community rates of violence and burglary. We posit that community crime is differentially affected by distinct nonresidential physical spaces in a neighborhood-distinct in terms of whether they are adult-centered, "business-oriented" public spaces versus spaces that are public yet still "resident centered," especially toward community youth (e.g., educational and recreational spaces). We examine potential main, mediating, and moderating effects of neighborhood social structure, resident-centered versus business-oriented public land use, and neighborhood-level processes, including neighboring and physical incivility, using data from 100 Seattle census tracts. Results suggest that the effects of schools on community violence are largely direct, while the effect of business places on violent crime is mediated substantially, but not completely, by physical disorder. In contrast, the effect of playgrounds on violence is moderated by residential instability. Regarding burglary, presence of schools is nonsignificant. Presence of businesses increases burglary, though the effect is partially mediated again by physical disorder. The effect of businesses is also moderated by residential (in)stability. Presence of playgrounds increases burglary risk regardless of neighborhood social-structural characteristics.