Implementation of State Vaccine Incentive Lottery Programs and Uptake of COVID-19 Vaccinations in the United States.
Implementation of State Vaccine Incentive Lottery Programs and Uptake of COVID-19 Vaccinations in the United States.
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DOI：
10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2021.38238
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发表时间：
2021-12-01
影响因子：
13.8
通讯作者：
Dhakal C
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Acharya B;Dhakal C
美国的疫苗彩票计划是否与COVID-19疫苗接种率的增加有关？这项对403714名参与家庭脉搏调查的成年人和州每日疫苗接种率的横断面研究发现，疫苗彩票计划与整体和某些州的COVID-19疫苗接种率增加有关，但在其他州则没有。这些发现表明，政策制定者在实施类似政策时，应考虑到疫苗奖励彩票计划的异质性反应。这项横断面研究估计了全州范围内实施疫苗奖励彩票计划是否与COVID-19疫苗接种有关。关于COVID-19疫苗奖励彩票是否有助于增加疫苗接种的证据有限。估计全州彩票计划的实施是否以及在多大程度上与COVID-19疫苗接种相关。这项横断面研究使用了来自403714名成年人的数据，他们回答了“你接种过COVID-19疫苗吗？”家庭脉搏调查（HPS）和11个实施疫苗彩票计划的州（即治疗州）和28个没有此类计划的州（即对照州）的州一级每日疫苗接种率。差异中差异（DiD）分析使用对HPS问题的回答，并比较了治疗和对照状态之间疫苗摄取的变化。增强合成对照（ASC）分析比较了治疗状态下的州一级每日新疫苗接种率与从对照状态供体库构建的合成版本。数据分析时间为2021年3月17日至7月5日。公布疫苗彩票计划和实施该计划的州。DiD分析中的结果变量是自我报告的疫苗接种状态的二元指标。在ASC分析中，这是每10万人接种的州级每日新冠疫苗首针剂量（对数标度）。共计403 714人（平均[SD]年龄，52.7 [15.7]岁; 239 563 [加权百分比，51.6%]女性; 31 746 [加权百分比，11.9%]黑人; 39 709 [加权百分比，18.2%]西班牙裔; 334 034 [加权百分比，76.4%]白色）回答了HPS中关于疫苗接种状态的问题。总体而言，80 949名参与HPS的受访者（加权百分比，28.1%）未接种疫苗。两种方法的汇总分析表明，彩票计划与疫苗接种增加有关。ASC分析显示，彩票计划与0.208个对数点（95%CI，0.004-0.412个对数点）的增加相关，这意味着新的每日疫苗接种率平均增加23.12%。在州特异性分析中，两种方法都表明疫苗抽签计划在俄亥俄州（0.09对数值; P < .001）、马里兰州（0.26对数值; P < .001）、俄勒冈州（0.15对数值; P = .002）和华盛顿（0.37对数值; P < .001）是有帮助的，但在阿肯色州、肯塔基州和西弗吉尼亚州则没有。ASC分析发现，在新墨西哥州（0.32个对数点; P <0.001）和纽约（0.33个对数点; P = 0.001），彩票计划与疫苗接种呈正相关。这项研究的结果表明，彩票计划可能与减少COVID-19疫苗犹豫有关，但各州的成功可能有所不同。这些发现也可能有助于说服尚未接种疫苗的美国居民的持续辩论。
Have vaccine lottery programs in the United States been associated with increases in the COVID-19 vaccination rate? This cross-sectional study of 403 714 adult participants in the Household Pulse Survey and state daily vaccination rates found that vaccine lottery programs were associated with an increase in COVID-19 vaccination rates overall and in some states but not in others. These findings suggest that policy makers should take the heterogeneous response to vaccine incentive lottery programs into account when implementing similar policies. This cross-sectional study estimates whether statewide implementation of vaccine incentive lottery programs is associated with COVID-19 vaccine uptake. There is limited evidence on whether COVID-19 vaccine incentive lotteries help to increase vaccine uptake. To estimate whether and to what extent statewide implementation of lottery programs is associated with COVID-19 vaccine uptake. This cross-sectional study used data from 403 714 adults who answered the question, “have you received a COVID-19 vaccine?” on the Household Pulse Survey (HPS) and state-level daily vaccination rates for 11 states implementing a vaccine lottery program (ie, treated states) and 28 states with no such program (ie, control states). A difference-in-difference (DiD) analysis used responses to the HPS question and compared changes in vaccine uptake between treated and control states. The augmented synthetic control (ASC) analysis compared state-level daily new vaccination rates in treated states with their synthetic versions constructed from a donor pool of control states. Data were analyzed from March 17 to July 5, 2021. Announcement of the vaccine lottery programs and states implementing such programs. The outcome variable in the DiD analysis was the binary indicator of self-reported vaccination status. In the ASC analysis, it was the state-level daily new first vaccine dose administered per 100 000 people (logarithm scale). A total of 403 714 individuals (mean [SD] age, 52.7 [15.7] years; 239 563 [weighted percentage, 51.6%] women; 31 746 [weighted percentage, 11.9%] Black; 39 709 [weighted percentage, 18.2%] Hispanic; 334 034 [weighted percentage, 76.4%] White) responded to the question in HPS regarding vaccination status. Overall, 80 949 respondents (weighted percentage, 28.1%) in the HPS were unvaccinated. A pooled analysis from both methods indicated that the lottery programs were associated with increased vaccinations. The ASC analysis revealed that lottery programs were associated with an increase of 0.208 log points (95% CI, 0.004-0.412 log points), implying an average 23.12% increment in the new daily vaccination rate. In state-specific analyses, both methods suggested that the vaccine lottery programs were helpful in Ohio (0.09 log points; P < .001), Maryland (0.26 log points; P < .001), Oregon (0.15 log points; P = .002), and Washington (0.37 log points; P < .001) but not in Arkansas, Kentucky, and West Virginia. The ASC analysis found that lottery programs were positively associated with vaccinations in New Mexico (0.32 log points; P < .001) and New York (0.33 log points; P = .001). The findings of this study suggest that lottery programs may be associated with decreased COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy, but that success might differ across states. The findings could also be useful in the ongoing debate on persuading US residents who are not yet vaccinated.
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影响因子：
2.1
作者：
Kreif, Noemi;Grieve, Richard;Hangartner, Dominik;Turner, Alex James;Nikolova, Silviya;Sutton, Matt
通讯作者：
Sutton, Matt
影响因子：
8.4
作者：
Gneezy, Uri;Meier, Stephan;Rey-Biel, Pedro
通讯作者：
Rey-Biel, Pedro
影响因子：
3.8
作者：
Courtemanche, Charles;Marton, James;Zapata, Daniela
通讯作者：
Zapata, Daniela
影响因子：
6.3
作者：
Goodman-Bacon, Andrew
通讯作者：
Goodman-Bacon, Andrew
影响因子：
5.1
作者：
Higgins ST;Klemperer EM;Coleman SRM
通讯作者：
Coleman SRM