The Merit of Meritocracy
The Merit of Meritocracy
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DOI：
10.1037/a0024618
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发表时间：
2011-09-01
影响因子：
7.6
通讯作者：
Orazietti, Katie
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Hing, Leanne S. Son;Bobocel, D. Ramona;Orazietti, Katie
我们认为，择优原则的偏好是一个独立的结构，从等级合法化的意识形态（即，系统辩护信念，偏见，社会支配取向），包括描述性的信念，目前存在的精英社会。此外，我们假设，当等级合法化意识形态较弱（与强）时，关于优点的规定性信念应该对对现状的反应产生更大的影响。在4项研究中，参与者的偏好的优点原则和等级合法化的意识形态进行了评估，后来，参与者评估组织的选择做法，支持或挑战现状。参与者对优点的规定性和描述性信念是独立的结构;只有后者预测其他等级合法化的意识形态。此外，作为假设，在弱认可等级合法化的意识形态的参与者中，他们对优点原则的偏好越强，他们越反对被认为是违反优点的选择做法，但他们越支持被认为是优点恢复的做法。相比之下，那些强烈支持等级合法化意识形态的人总是有动力支持现状，而不管他们对功绩原则的偏好。
We argue that the preference for the merit principle is a separate construct from hierarchy-legitimizing ideologies (i.e., system justification beliefs, prejudice, social dominance orientation), including descriptive beliefs that meritocracy currently exists in society. Moreover, we hypothesized that prescriptive beliefs about merit should have a stronger influence on reactions to the status quo when hierarchy-legitimizing ideologies are weak (vs. strong). In 4 studies, participants' preference for the merit principle and hierarchy-legitimizing ideologies were assessed; later, the participants evaluated organizational selection practices that support or challenge the status quo. Participants' prescriptive and descriptive beliefs about merit were separate constructs; only the latter predicted other hierarchy-legitimizing ideologies. In addition, as hypothesized, among participants who weakly endorsed hierarchy-legitimizing ideologies, the stronger their preference for the merit principle, the more they opposed selection practices that were perceived to be merit violating but the more they supported practices that were perceived to be merit restoring. In contrast, those who strongly endorsed hierarchy-legitimizing ideologies were always motivated to support the status quo, regardless of their preference for the merit principle.