Prevalence of hypertension and associated cardiovascular risk factors in an urban slum in Nairobi, Kenya: A population-based survey
Prevalence of hypertension and associated cardiovascular risk factors in an urban slum in Nairobi, Kenya: A population-based survey
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DOI：
10.1186/1471-2458-14-1177
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发表时间：
2014-11-18
影响因子：
4.5
通讯作者：
Mutai, Kenneth Kipyegon
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Joshi, Mark David;Ayah, Richard;Mutai, Kenneth Kipyegon
背景：城市化被描述为非传染性疾病（NCD）流行病演变的关键驱动因素。在非洲，高血压是最常见的心血管疾病。我们确定了高血压的患病率和危险因素的相关性，在最大的内罗毕slum.Methods：在2010年，我们进行了基于人口的家庭调查基贝拉，一个大的非正式定居点在内罗毕市，利用整群抽样的概率成比例的大小。采用随机游走法选择住户。世卫组织慢性病危险因素逐步监测工具（STEPS）由受过培训的医务助理管理，他们还记录血压（BP）和人体测量。血压记录使用水银血压计利用美国心脏协会的指导方针。根据联合国家委员会第7次报告或使用处方抗高血压药物定义高血压。高血压或随机毛细血管血糖（RCBS）> 11.1 mmol/l的患者抽取8小时空腹静脉血糖样本。年龄标准化患病率计算和多变量分析，以评估association.Results：我们筛选了2200，并招募了2061成年人，50.9%是男性，平均年龄为33.4岁，87%有小学教育水平。高血压的年龄标准化患病率（95% CI）为22.8%（20.7，24.9）。20%（53/258）的人知道自己的高血压状况; 59.3%的人有高血压前期; 80%的人报告了高水平的体力活动，52%的人被归类为有害的饮酒者; 10%的人目前吸烟，5%的人患有糖尿病。大多数男性的BMI和腰围正常，而三分之一的女性肥胖或超重，40%的女性有中心性肥胖。年龄较大，更高的一般和中央肥胖独立与高血压和更高的SBP和DBP readings.Conclusions：我们的研究结果高血压的患病率高，与超重在这个贫穷的城市贫民窟社区，点需要提高认识和实施的初级预防策略。
Background: Urbanisation has been described as a key driver of the evolving non-communicable disease (NCD) epidemic. In Africa, hypertension is the commonest cardiovascular problem. We determined the prevalence and risk factor correlates of hypertension in the largest Nairobi slum.Methods: In 2010 we conducted a population-based household survey in Kibera, a large informal settlement in Nairobi City; utilising cluster sampling with probability proportional to size. Households were selected using a random walk method. The WHO instrument for stepwise surveillance (STEPS) of chronic disease risk factors was administered by trained medical assistants, who also recorded blood pressure (BP) and anthropometric measures. BP was recorded using a mercury sphygmomanometer utilising the American Heart Association guidelines. Hypertension was defined as per the 7th Report of the Joint National Committee or use of prescribed antihypertensive medication. Those with hypertension or with random capillary blood sugar (RCBS) > 11.1 mmol/l had an 8 hours fasting venous blood sugar sample drawn. Age standardised prevalence was computed and multivariate analysis to assess associations.Results: We screened 2200 and enrolled 2061 adults; 50.9% were males; mean age was 33.4 years and 87% had primary level education. The age-standardised prevalence of hypertension (95% CI) was 22.8% (20.7, 24.9). 20% (53/258) were aware of their hypertensive status; 59.3% had pre-hypertension; 80% reported high levels of physical activity and 52% were classified as harmful alcohol drinkers; 10% were current smokers and 5% had diabetes. Majority of males had normal BMI and waist circumference, whereas a third of females were obese or overweight and 40% had central obesity. Older age, higher general and central obesity were independently associated with hypertension and higher SBP and DBP readings.Conclusions: Our findings of high prevalence of hypertension, in association with excess body weight in this poor urban slum community, point to the need for greater awareness and implementation of primary preventive strategies.