Context-dependent effects of parental effort on malaria infection in a wild bird population, and their role in reproductive trade-offs.
Context-dependent effects of parental effort on malaria infection in a wild bird population, and their role in reproductive trade-offs.
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父母努力对野生鸟类疟疾感染的环境依赖性影响及其在繁殖权衡中的作用。
DOI：
10.1007/s00442-010-1706-1
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发表时间：
2010
期刊：
影响因子：
2.7
通讯作者：
Knowles SC
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Knowles SC
虽然在野生种群中经常记录生殖努力和其他健身成分之间的权衡，但其潜在的生理机制仍然知之甚少。寄生虫已被建议调解生殖权衡，但只有有限数量的寄生虫类群已被研究，生殖努力引起的寄生虫的变化很少与权衡观察到在同一人口。我们进行了一个育雏大小操纵实验蓝山雀（蓝山雀）感染疟疾（疟原虫）寄生虫，并使用定量PCR来测量寄生虫血症的变化。在两年的调查之一，寄生虫病增加，由于育雏扩大，也正相关的两个其他指标的生殖努力：窝卵数和单亲。实验和自然变化的生殖努力与寄生虫血症之间的这些关联表明，当父母努力工作时，慢性疟疾感染的免疫控制可能会受到影响。育雏大小的操作显着影响了独立的后代产生的数量，这是最大化时，育雏大小不变。此外，当父母感染两种常见疟原虫之一时，这种权衡曲线的形状更加明显，表明寄生虫感染可能会加剧后代数量和质量之间的权衡。虽然寄生虫参与生殖的生存成本受到了广泛的关注，这些结果表明，它们在其他常见的记录生殖权衡，如后代的数量和质量之间的作用，值得进一步研究。
Although trade-offs between reproductive effort and other fitness components are frequently documented in wild populations, the underlying physiological mechanisms remain poorly understood. Parasitism has been suggested to mediate reproductive trade-offs, yet only a limited number of parasite taxa have been studied, and reproductive effort-induced changes in parasitism are rarely linked to trade-offs observed in the same population. We conducted a brood size manipulation experiment in blue tits (Cyanistes caeruleus) infected with malaria (Plasmodium) parasites, and used quantitative PCR to measure changes in parasitaemia. In one of two years investigated, parasitaemia increased as a result of brood enlargement, and was also positively associated with two other indicators of reproductive effort: clutch size and single parenthood. These associations between both experimental and naturally varying reproductive effort and parasitaemia suggest that immune control of chronic malaria infections can be compromised when parents are working hard. Brood size manipulation significantly affected the number of independent offspring produced, which was maximised when brood size was unchanged. Moreover, when parents were infected with one of two commonPlasmodiumspecies, the shape of this trade-off curve was more pronounced, suggesting that parasitic infection may exacerbate the trade-off between quantity and quality of offspring. Although the involvement of parasites in survival costs of reproduction has received much attention, these results suggest their role in other commonly documented reproductive trade-offs, such as that between number and quality of offspring, warrants further study.