Sanctions as Economic Statecraft: An Overview
Sanctions as Economic Statecraft: An Overview
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制裁作为经济治国之道：概述
DOI：
10.1057/9780230596979_1
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发表时间：
2000
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
A. Drury
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
S. Chan;A. Drury
经济治国长期以来一直是国际关系的一个重要特征(鲍德温，1985)。梅加利亚法令(432 Be)禁止梅加拉和雅典帝国之间的所有贸易，提供了最早诉诸经济工具达到政治目的的例子之一。一些学者将这一禁令解释为伯里克利对梅加拉在锡博塔战役中支持科林斯(斯巴达的盟友)的报复性惩罚，而另一些学者则认为这是他阻止与斯巴达发生军事冲突的失败的威慑尝试(Lenway，1988)。然而，所有人都普遍认为，梅加利亚法令是导致伯罗奔尼撒战争爆发的事件的一个关键转折点。1945年，在修昔底德的杰作2000多年后，阿尔伯特·赫希曼(Albert Hirschman，1945)出版了他关于对外贸易和国家权力之间关系的经典著作。他展示了各国如何努力将其在战略进口中断时的脆弱性降至最低，同时最大限度地满足其他国家与它们进行贸易的需求。纳粹德国对巴尔干地区的政策就是利用贸易获得广泛政治影响力的例证。
Economic statecraft has long been an important feature of international relations (Baldwin, 1985). The Megarian decree (432 Be), banning all trade between Megara and the Athenian Empire, offers one of the earliest examples of the resort to economic tools for political ends. Some scholars interpreted this ban as Pericles's vindictive punishment of Megara for its support of Corinth (an ally of Sparta's) in the battle of Sybota, while others took it to represent a failed deterrence attempt by him to head off a military conflict with Sparta (Lenway, 1988). All were, however, in general agreement that the Megarian decree was a critical turning point in the events leading to the outbreak of the Peloponnesian War.In 1945, more than 2000 years after Thucidides's masterpiece, Albert Hirschman (1945) published his classic on the relationship between foreign trade and national power. He showed how states could try to minimise their vulnerability to the interruption of strategic imports while maximising others' need to trade with them. Nazi Germany's policy toward the Balkans exemplified the use of trade to gain broad political leverage.