Chronotype in college science students is associated with behavioral choices and can fluctuate across a semester
Chronotype in college science students is associated with behavioral choices and can fluctuate across a semester
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DOI：
10.1080/07420528.2023.2203251
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发表时间：
2023-04-22
影响因子：
2.8
通讯作者：
Scullin, Michael K.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Barley, Blake K.;Gao, Chenlu;Scullin, Michael K.
许多学生自我报告说，他们是“夜猫子”，这可能是由于昼夜节律系统的神经发育延迟造成的。然而，一个人是否认为自己是晚型还是晨型(自我报告的时间类型)，也可能受到学业要求(例如上课时间、课程负担)和行为习惯(例如睡前使用社交媒体、晚些时候消费咖啡因、白天小睡)的影响。如果是这样，那么年代型应该是可塑性的。我们对858名本科生进行了调查，这些学生在三个时间点注册了要求苛刻的理科课程。这项调查评估了早晚的时间类型、全球睡眠质量、学术水平和行为习惯。晚班和早班的学生表现出相似的人口统计数据、压力水平和学业要求。在基线测量中，与早起类型的人相比，晚起类型的人的睡眠质量和持续时间明显更差，睡前社交媒体使用量增加了22%，白天的午睡时间增加了27%，下午5点后摄入咖啡因的可能性增加了46%这些行为习惯部分地调节了自我报告的时型对睡眠质量/持续时间的影响，即使在控制了人口统计因素之后也是如此。有趣的是，54名学生报告说，在本学期晚些时候，他们从至少中等的晚更型转变为至少中等的晨型，而56名学生则表现出相反的模式(6.3%的学生从一种时型转变为另一种时型)。从晚上到早上的“时间转换者”在下午5点以后摄入的咖啡因更少，而且在较晚的时间点显示出明显更好的睡眠数量/质量。因此，一些学生可能认为自己是夜猫子，部分原因是他们更晚喝咖啡因，白天午睡更多，或者在睡觉前更多地使用社交媒体。需要实验工作来确定，轻推夜猫子的行为是否会像早起的百灵鸟一样，会带来更好的睡眠健康或学习成绩。
Many students self-report that they are "night owls," which can result from neurodevelopmental delays in the circadian timing system. However, whether an individual considers themselves to be an evening-type versus a morning-type (self-reported chronotype) may also be influenced by academic demands (e.g. class start times, course load) and behavioral habits (e.g. bedtime social media use, late caffeine consumption, daytime napping). If so, then chronotype should be malleable. We surveyed 858 undergraduate students enrolled in demanding science courses at up to three time points. The survey assessed morning/evening chronotype, global sleep quality, academics, and behavioral habits. Evening and morning-type students showed similar demographics, stress levels, and academic demands. At baseline measurements, relative to morning-types, evening-types showed significantly worse sleep quality and duration as well as 22% greater bedtime social media usage, 27% greater daytime napping duration, and 46% greater likelihood of consuming caffeine after 5pm. These behavioral habits partially mediated the effects of self-reported chronotype on sleep quality/duration, even after controlling for demographic factors. Interestingly, 54 students reported switching from being at least moderate evening-types at baseline to being at least moderate morning-types later in the semester and 56 students showed the reverse pattern (6.3% of students switched from "definitely" one chronotype to the other chronotype). Evening-to-morning "chrono-switchers" consumed less caffeine after 5pm and showed significantly better sleep quantity/quality at the later timepoint. Thus, some students may consider themselves to be night owls in part because they consume caffeine later, take more daytime naps, or use more social media at bedtime. Experimental work is needed to determine whether nudging night owls to behave like morning larks results in better sleep health or academic achievement.