Absence of post-Miocene Red Sea land bridges: biogeographic implications
Absence of post-Miocene Red Sea land bridges: biogeographic implications
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DOI：
10.1111/j.1365-2699.2006.01478.x
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发表时间：
2006-06-01
影响因子：
3.9
通讯作者：
Siddall, Mark
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Fernandes, Carlos A.;Rohling, Eelco J.;Siddall, Mark
在大量与非洲和欧亚大陆之间的物种迁徙有关的研究中，包括原始人迁出非洲的研究中，经常被提及的一条扩散路线是穿过红海南部的一座假想的大陆桥，这座桥被认为是在冰川海平面低谷期间出现的。然而，本文明确指出，古海洋和古生态资料与中新世以来红海陆桥的存在是不相容的。通过介绍过去47万年来红海海床以上水深度的第一个量化历史，这一时间段包括最近的四个冰川-间冰期旋回，并讨论了任何大陆桥形成对红海沉积和微化石记录的可预测后果，提出了这一论据。后中新世红海陆桥的缺失对非洲-阿拉伯地区的生物地理模型有广泛的影响。文献中报告的遗传、形态测量和古生物学模式与大陆桥上的扩散无关，对于海洋生物来说，也不能与大陆桥将红海与印度洋分开有关。如果陆地物种的这种模式只与红海南部的扩散路线相一致，那么它们需要从横扫木桩漂流、人为引入，或者在现代人迁出非洲的特殊情况下，考虑航海。我们的古环境记录对红海及其周围的生物地理重建施加的限制有望鼓励对以前的工作进行审查，并在未来的研究中倾向于采用多学科方法。
In a large number of studies concerned with species movements between Africa and Eurasia, including the migrations of hominids out of Africa, a frequently-cited dispersal route is across a hypothetical land bridge in the southern Red Sea, which is suggested to have emerged during glacial sea-level lowstands. This paper, however, unequivocally demonstrates that palaeoceanographic and palaeoecological data are incompatible with the existence of Red Sea land bridges since the Miocene. The case is made by presenting the first quantitative history of water depth above the Red Sea sill for the last 470,000 years, a time period that includes the four most recent glacial-interglacial cycles, and by discussing the predictable consequences of any land bridge formation on the Red Sea sedimentary and microfossil records. The absence of post-Miocene Red Sea land bridges has extensive implications for biogeographic models in the Afro-Arabian region. Genetic, morphometric and palaeontological patterns reported in the literature cannot be related to dispersals over a land bridge, or in the case of marine organisms, separation of the Red Sea from the Indian Ocean by a land bridge. If such patterns in terrestrial species are only congruent with a southern Red Sea dispersal route, then they need to be considered in terms of sweepstake rafting, anthropogenic introduction, or in the particular case of the Out-of-Africa migration by modern humans, seafaring. The constraints imposed by our palaeoenvironmental record on biogeographic reconstructions within and around the Red Sea will hopefully encourage both the review of previous works and the preference for multidisciplinary approaches in future studies.