Directional selection for flowering time leads to adaptive evolution in Raphanus raphanistrum (Wild radish).
Directional selection for flowering time leads to adaptive evolution in Raphanus raphanistrum (Wild radish).
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DOI：
10.1111/eva.12350
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发表时间：
2016-04
影响因子：
4.1
通讯作者：
Powles SB
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Ashworth MB;Walsh MJ;Flower KC;Vila-Aiub MM;Powles SB
除草剂一直是控制农业生态系统中大量减产杂草的主要工具，导致广泛的除草剂抗性进化。作为回应，非除草技术已经开发出拦截杂草种子在收获之前，他们进入土壤种子库。然而，这些技术的效率允许对任何能够使杂草逃避收集的性状进行强烈选择，早花生态型被认为可能导致早期种子脱落。使用田间收集的野生萝卜群体，选择早熟的5个轮回世代和晚熟的3个世代。测定了与开花时间和生长性状相关的物候。我们的研究结果表明，野生萝卜的适应能力，其开花时间减半后，五个世代的早花选择。早熟表型有降低的高度和生物量在成熟时，导致竞争力较低，更多的匍匐生长形式。经过三代的晚花选择，野生萝卜的开花时间增加了一倍，导致成熟时的生物量和开花高度增加。这项研究表明，在高效的种子收集技术，在收获时对农业生态系统内的杂草种群进行选择，响应生长性状的快速进化的潜力。
Herbicides have been the primary tool for controlling large populations of yield depleting weeds from agro‐ecosystems, resulting in the evolution of widespread herbicide resistance. In response, nonherbicidal techniques have been developed which intercept weed seeds at harvest before they enter the soil seed bank. However, the efficiency of these techniques allows an intense selection for any trait that enables weeds to evade collection, with early‐flowering ecotypes considered likely to result in early seed shedding. Using a field‐collected wild radish population, five recurrent generations were selected for early maturity and three generations for late maturity. Phenology associated with flowering time and growth traits were measured. Our results demonstrate the adaptive capacity of wild radish to halve its time to flowering following five generations of early‐flowering selection. Early‐maturing phenotypes had reduced height and biomass at maturity, leading to less competitive, more prostrate growth forms. Following three generations of late‐flowering selection, wild radish doubled its time to flowering time leading to increased biomass and flowering height at maturity. This study demonstrates the potential for the rapid evolution in growth traits in response to highly effective seed collection techniques that imposed a selection on weed populations within agro‐ecosystems at harvest.