The effects of microgravity on the skeletal system--a review.
The effects of microgravity on the skeletal system--a review.
复制标题
微重力对骨骼系统的影响——综述。
DOI：
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发表时间：
1990
期刊：
影响因子：
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通讯作者：
P. M. Droppert
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
P. M. Droppert
宇航员暴露在微重力环境中会导致承重骨中的钙流失。长时间的暴露，例如在火星旅行期间，可能会在返回地球时出现问题，增加以后生活中骨折和过早骨质疏松症的风险。钙流失的确切机制尚未确定，尽管一个关键特征是缺乏机械负荷。旨在将钙流失减少到可接受水平的对策包括使用运动、药物、饮食调整和惯性服，如苏联的“企鹅”服。然而，若干年的任务可能需要在航天器上发展人工重力。最先解决人类在太空中的生理问题，特别是骨骼钙流失问题的国家，几乎肯定会是第一个有能力将人类送上火星的国家。
Exposure of astronauts to microgravity leads to the loss of calcium from weightbearing bones. Prolonged exposure, e.g., during a journey to Mars, may present problems on return to Earth, with increased risk of fractures and premature osteoporosis in later life. The precise mechanisms of calcium loss have yet to be determined although a key feature is the absence of mechanical loading. Countermeasures aimed at reducing calcium loss to acceptable levels include the use of exercise, drugs, dietary modifications and inertia suits such as the Soviet "Penguin" suit. Missions of a number of years may, however, require the development of artificial gravity on a spacecraft. The country that first solves the physiological problems of man in space and, in particular, skeletal calcium loss, will almost certainly be the first to be able to put a man on Mars.