Evaluation of immunization coverage and its associated factors among children 12-23 months of age in Techiman Municipality, Ghana, 2016
Evaluation of immunization coverage and its associated factors among children 12-23 months of age in Techiman Municipality, Ghana, 2016
复制标题
DOI：
10.1186/s13690-017-0196-6
复制
发表时间：
2017-06-26
影响因子：
3.3
通讯作者：
Ndago, Joyce Aputere
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Adokiya, Martin Nyaaba;Baguune, Benjamin;Ndago, Joyce Aputere
背景：在加纳，扩大免疫规划的行政覆盖率通常很高，而儿童免疫接种率仍然很低。大多数儿童在 1 岁之前没有接种全部推荐的 7 种疫苗，共 15 剂。验证行政覆盖范围和确定免疫状况预测因素的调查没有得到应有的重视。因此，本研究的目的是评估加纳泰奇曼市12-23个月龄儿童的免疫覆盖率及其相关因素。方法：对600名儿童进行横断面整群调查。通过面对面访谈使用半结构化问卷收集数据。这些工具在具有相似特征的三个社区中进行了预先测试。母亲/照顾者接受了采访，并从儿童免疫卡中提取了更多信息。我们观察到每个孩子身上都存在卡介苗疤痕。使用社会科学统计软件包 (SPSS) 17.0 版输入、清理和分析数据。使用SPSS进行百分比、频率和交叉表等描述性统计，同时使用Stata 12.1版本进行双变量和多变量逻辑回归分析，以估计未完全免疫的优势比。结果：总共89.5%（537/600）的儿童完全免疫，9.5%部分免疫，1.0%没有接种疫苗。在多变量分析中，以下决定因素与未完全接种疫苗的可能性显着相关（优势比 (AOR) 大于 1）： 母亲/看护者的年龄为 40-49 岁（AOR = 0.15，95% CI = 0.05-0.87），而母亲/看护者的年龄小于 20 岁；婚姻状况（与从未结婚/单身相比：已婚 AOR = 0.29，95% CI = 0.13-0.68）、种族（与主要民族阿坎族相比：Frafra（AOR = 4.71，95% CI = 146-15.18）和库萨西（AOR = 0.09，95% CI = 0.02-0.51）、宗教（与伊斯兰教相比：基督教AOR = 0.17，95% CI = 0.06-0. 50）、儿童性别（与男性相比：女性AOR = 0.39，95% CI = 0.19-0.80）、拥有免疫卡（与有卡者相比：无卡者AOR = 84.43， 95% CI = 17.04-418.33)。 40-49 岁、已婚、基督徒和女孩的母亲/照顾者获得完全免疫的可能性较高，而没有免疫卡的 Frafra 族裔则未完全免疫的可能性较高。与国家和地区相比，免疫状况（89.5%）和疫苗接种覆盖率较高。未充分免疫的问题仍然存在，需要卫生服务提供者加强免疫教育。此外，应通过外展活动向弱势群体提供免疫服务。
Background: In Ghana, Expanded Programme on Immunization administrative coverages are usually high while childhood immunization status remains low. Majority of children do not receive all the recommended 7 vaccines in 15 doses before 1 year of age. Surveys to validate administrative coverages and identify predictors of immunization status are not given the desired attention. Thus, the objective of this study was to evaluate the immunization coverage and its associated factors among children aged 12-23 months in Techiman Municipality, Ghana.Methods: A cross-sectional cluster survey was conducted among 600 children. Data was collected using semi-structured questionnaire through face-to-face interviews. The tools were pre-tested in three communities with similar characteristics. The mothers/caregivers were interviewed and additional information extracted from child immunization cards. We observed the presence of Bacillus Calmette-Guerin scar on each child. Data was entered, cleaned and analyzed using Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) version 17.0. Descriptive statistics such as percentages, frequencies and cross tabulations performed using SPSS while bivariate and multivariate logistic regression analysis conducted using Stata 12.1 version to estimate the Odds Ratio of not being fully immunized.Results: In total, 89.5% (537/600) of the children were fully immunized, 9.5% partially immunized and 1.0% received no vaccine. In the multivariate analysis, the following determinants were significantly associated with the likelihood of being not fully vaccinated (Odds Ratio (AOR) larger than 1) : age of the mother/caregiver 40-49 years (AOR = 0.15, 95% CI = 0.05-0.87) compared to less than 20 years; marital status (compared to never married/single: being married AOR = 0.29, 95% CI = 0.13-0.68), ethnicity (compared to the main ethnic group Akan: Frafra (AOR = 4.71, 95% CI = 146-15.18) and Kusaasi (AOR = 0.09, 95% CI = 0.02-0.51), religion (compared to Islam: Christianity AOR = 0.17, 95% CI = 0.06-0. 50), sex of child (compared to male: female AOR = 0.39, 95% CI = 0.19-0.80) and possession of immunization card (compared to those having the card: those without the card AOR = 84.43, 95% CI = 17.04-418.33). Mothers/caregivers aged 40-49 years, being married, Kusaasi ethnic groups, Christian and female child have a higher likelihood of being fully immunized, while Frafra ethnic group and no immunization card have a higher likelihood of not being fully immunized. We found no association between immunization status and child's relationship to respondent; parity; education; occupation and child's age.Conclusion: Immunization status (89.5%) and coverages ranged 92 to 99% of the vaccine doses is high compared to national and regional. Problems of not fully immunized persists and needs urgent attention. Education on immunization should be intensified by health providers. Moreover, disadvantaged populations should be reached with immunization services using out-reach activities.