Proximal fate marker homothorax marks the lateral extension of stalk-eyed fly Cyrtodopsis whitei.
Proximal fate marker homothorax marks the lateral extension of stalk-eyed fly Cyrtodopsis whitei.
复制标题
近端命运标记同胸标志着茎眼蝇 Cyrtodopsis Whitei 的横向延伸。
DOI：
10.1002/dvg.23309
复制
发表时间：
2019
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
Sun,YiHenry
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Singh,Amit;Gogia,Neha;Chang,Chia-Yu;Sun,YiHenry
将眼睛放在昆虫头部是一种重要的进化特征。柄眼苍蝇表现为多头型，复眼从头部向外伸展，触角部分向内放置在柄上。这种柄-眼的表型是双翅目中双翅目的特征，与其他双翅目昆虫，如果蝇有很大的不同。像其他昆虫一样，柄眼苍蝇的成虫眼睛和触角是从复杂的眼睛-触角想象盘发育而来的。我们分析了柄眼蝇发育中的眼影像盘近远轴(PD轴)所涉及的标记。我们使用同胸(Hth)和远端(Dll)这两个高度保守的基因分别作为近端和远端命运的标记。我们发现，柄眼蝇的眼球-触角成像盘的眼球和触角场之间的横向延伸显示出强劲的HTH表达。HTH标志着头部在眼睛中的特定命运-以及在天线盘中的近端命运。因此，近端命运标记HTH的表达在柄眼苍蝇中进化，以产生将眼睛放置在头部的侧向延伸。此外，在蛹眼的变态过程中，侧向伸展部分向后折叠，将触角放在里面，成年复眼放在远端的顶端。有趣的是，其他昆虫的复眼并不像柄眼蝇那样具有显著的PD轴。
The placement of eyes on insect head is an important evolutionary trait. The stalk‐eyed fly,Cyrtodopsis whitei, exhibits a hypercephaly phenotype where compound eyes are located on lateral extension from the head while the antennal segments are placed inwardly on this stalk. This stalk‐eyed phenotype is characteristic of the family Diopsidae in the Diptera order and dramatically deviates from other dipterans, such asDrosophila. Like other insects, the adult eye and antenna of stalk‐eyed fly develop from a complex eye‐antennal imaginal disc. We analyzed the markers involved in proximo‐distal (PD) axis of the developing eye imaginal disc of the stalk‐eyed flies. We usedhomothorax (hth)anddistalless (dll), two highly conserved genes as the marker for proximal and distal fate, respectively. We found that lateral extensions between eye and antennal field of the stalk‐eyed fly's eye‐antennal imaginal disc exhibit robust Hth expression. Hth marks the head specific fate in the eye‐ and proximal fate in the antenna‐disc. Thus, the proximal fate marker Hth expression evolves in the stalk‐eyed flies to generate lateral extensions for the placement of the eye on the head. Moreover, during pupal eye metamorphosis, the lateral extension folds back on itself to place the antenna inside and the adult compound eye on the distal tip. Interestingly, the compound eye in other insects does not have a prominent PD axis as observed in the stalk‐eyed fly.