Gateway reflex, a new paradigm of neuro-immune interaction
Gateway reflex, a new paradigm of neuro-immune interaction
复制标题
网关反射，神经免疫相互作用的新范例
DOI：
10.1111/cen3.12378
复制
发表时间：
2017
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
M. Murakami.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Ohki;T.;D. Kamimura;Y. Arima;M. Murakami.
免疫系统受物理环境的影响很大。调控这种联系的分子机制尚不清楚。由于神经活动可以感知环境，因此有人假设神经信号可以将环境刺激转化为免疫反应。最近，我们发现局部神经激活通过内皮细胞的活性改变免疫细胞迁移的动力学，通过使用多发性硬化症模型，实验性自身免疫性脑脊髓炎。更具体地说，我们确定了第五腰椎（L5）脊髓的背血管是致病性T细胞的初始进入部位。这个进入部位是由支配比目鱼肌的感觉神经元的激活确定的，比目鱼肌是主要的反重力肌肉。由此产生的感觉神经激活通过激活区域交感通路创造了一个通道，增加L5脊髓背血管趋化因子的表达，吸引自身反应性致病性T细胞。在其他实验中，我们通过电脉冲或痛觉激活了不同的区域神经元，并发现免疫细胞（包括自身反应性致病性T细胞）的通道依赖于区域神经激活的位置，特别是感觉-交感串扰。我们将这些神经免疫相互作用称为“门户反射”。在本综述中，我们讨论了门静脉反射的细节。
The immune system is affected considerably by the physical environment. The molecular mechanisms that regulate this connection are not well understood. Because neural activities sense the environment, it has been hypothesized that neural signals transduce environmental stimulations into immune responses. Recently, we discovered that regional neural activations change the dynamics of immune cell migration through the activity of endothelial cells by using a multiple sclerosis model, experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis. More specifically, we identified the dorsal vessels of the fifth lumbar (L5) spinal cord as the initial entry site of pathogenic T cells. This entry site was defined by the activation of sensory neurons innervating from the soleus muscles, which are the main antigravity muscles. The resulting sensory neural activation created a gateway through the activation of regional sympathetic pathways to increase the expression of chemokines at the dorsal vessels of the L5 spinal cord, attracting autoreactive pathogenic T cells. In other experiments, we activated different regional neurons by electric pulses or pain sensation and discovered that gateways for immune cells, including autoreactive pathogenic T cells, are dependent on the site of the regional neural activation, particularly the sensory–sympathetic crosstalk. We termed these neuroimmune interactions as “gateway reflexes.” In the present review, we discuss details of the gateway reflex.