The English and the Control of Christianity in the Early Edo Period
The English and the Control of Christianity in the Early Edo Period
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江户时代初期的英国与基督教的控制
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发表时间：
2012
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影响因子：
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通讯作者：
T. Screech
中科院分区：
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作者：
T. Screech
关于日本在世纪早期去基督教化的历史，人们经常讲述，但在这里，我们使用新的数据进行了重新审视，其中许多数据是以前未知的。反对天主教的转变被各种归因于对入侵或文化差异的恐惧，但大多数学者认为荷兰人几乎没有发挥作用，很少涉及神学问题。英国人的活动被忽略了，他们的东印度公司在日本（1613-1626）。调查其记录显示，努力是花费在促进英格兰作为基督教，但非教皇。此外，英国是反耶稣会，最近驱逐了该命令。英国站的负责人是理查德·科克斯，被认为是一个贫穷的商人。但很少有人知道他以前曾是一名间谍，被雇来对抗天主教的利益：他很可能就是因为这个原因被派往日本的。然后，在1616年，英国船只抵达，携带大量绘画和印刷的图像，包括反天主教宣传。一些被送到江户，分发给幕府的高级官员。除了文字之外，还加上了关于英格兰从罗马独立的视觉陈述。他们的分布正好与传教士的最后驱逐。
The history of Japan’s de-Christianization in the early seventeenth century has often been told, but is here re-examined using new data, much of it previously unknown. The turn against Catholicism is variously attributed to fear of invasion or cultural difference, but most scholars agree the Dutch played little role, seldom engaging with theological issues. Neglected has been the activities of the English, whose East India Company was in Japan 1613–1626. Investigation of its records reveals that effort was expended on promoting England as Christian, yet non-papal. Moreover, England was antiJesuit, having recently expelled the order. The head of the English station was Richard Cocks, regarded as a poor merchant. But it has been little recognised that he had a prior career as a spy, employed to counter Catholic interests: he was likely sent to Japan for that reason. Then, in 1616, English ships arrived bearing quantities of painted and printed imagery, including anti-Catholic propaganda. Some was conveyed to Edo and given out to senior shogunal officials. To words were now added visual statements about England’s independence from Rome. Their distribution exactly coincides with the final expulsion of the missionaries.