EMPATHY: A Tool to Enhance Nonverbal Communication Between Clinicians and Their Patients
EMPATHY: A Tool to Enhance Nonverbal Communication Between Clinicians and Their Patients
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DOI：
10.1097/acm.0000000000000287
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发表时间：
2014-08-01
影响因子：
7.4
通讯作者：
Kraft-Todd, Gordon
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Riess, Helen;Kraft-Todd, Gordon
医学教育文献中关于非语言检测和同理心表达的教学存在空白。许多文章不涉及非语言互动，而是关注“说什么”而不是“如何做”。这种对语言交流的关注忽视了非语言信号在情感交流中发挥的重要作用，这对患者满意度、健康结果和医疗事故索赔具有重大影响。这一差距可以通过一种新颖的教学工具来解决，该工具用于评估非语言行为，使用首字母缩略词 E.M.P.A.T.H.Y.-E：眼神接触； M：面部表情肌肉； P：姿势；答：影响； T：语气； H：听到患者的整体声音；杨：你的回答。这个缩写词是 2010 年至 2012 年在马萨诸塞州总医院进行的同理心训练随机对照试验的基石。作为一个易于记忆的清单，该缩写词引导医疗专业人员了解感知和响应非语言情感线索的关键方面。迫切需要教授沟通的非语言方面，因为医疗实践必须重新调整以适应以就诊患者为代表的日益增长的文化多样性。在语言能力可能有限的情况下，非语言交流对于理解患者的交流变得更加重要。此外，即使不存在文化差异，许多患者也不愿意与临床医生提出不同意见，而微妙的非语言线索可能是导致共同医疗决策的讨论的关键切入点。 E.M.P.A.T.H.Y 的详细描述提供了首字母缩略词和支持教学工具每个组成部分的文献的简要摘要。
There is a gap in the medical education literature on teaching nonverbal detection and expression of empathy. Many articles do not address nonverbal interactions, instead focusing on "what to say" rather than "how to be." This focus on verbal communication overlooks the essential role nonverbal signals play in the communication of emotions, which has significant effects on patient satisfaction, health outcomes, and malpractice claims. This gap is addressed with a novel teaching tool for assessing nonverbal behavior using the acronym E.M.P.A.T.H.Y.-E: eye contact; M: muscles of facial expression; P: posture; A: affect; T: tone of voice; H: hearing the whole patient; Y: your response. This acronym was the cornerstone of a randomized controlled trial of empathy training at Massachusetts General Hospital, 2010-2012. Used as an easy-to-remember checklist, the acronym orients medical professionals to key aspects of perceiving and responding to nonverbal emotional cues. An urgent need exists to teach nonverbal aspects of communication as medical practices must be reoriented to the increasing cultural diversity represented by patients presenting for care. Where language proficiency may be limited, nonverbal communication becomes more crucial for understanding patients' communications. Furthermore, even in the absence of cultural differences, many patients are reluctant to disagree with their clinicians, and subtle nonverbal cues may be the critical entry point for discussions leading to shared medical decisions. A detailed description of the E.M.P.A.T.H.Y. acronym and a brief summary of the literature that supports each component of the teaching tool are provided.