Secrets of success: assessing the large increases in transit ridership achieved by Houston and San Diego transit providers
Secrets of success: assessing the large increases in transit ridership achieved by Houston and San Diego transit providers
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DOI：
10.1016/s0965-8564(99)00009-9
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发表时间：
1999-09-01
影响因子：
6.4
通讯作者：
Liu, Z
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Kain, JF;Liu, Z
这篇论文总结并更新了先前由同一作者对休斯敦（全公交）和圣地亚哥（公交和轻轨）公交系统的研究结果。在其他大都市区的大多数交通系统遭受巨大损失的时期，这两个系统的交通客流量都实现了不同寻常的大幅增长。基于横断面数据和时间序列数据估算的客流量模型，量化了政策变量和交通运营商无法控制的因素对客流量增长的相对贡献。研究发现，这两个地区客流量的大幅增长主要是由于服务的大幅增加和票价的大幅降低，以及大都市的就业和人口增长。此外，本文还提供了休斯敦公交运营商和圣地亚哥公交和轻轨运营商的每乘客上车和每乘客英里的总运营成本的详细估计。这些估计表明，在总成本的基础上，公共汽车系统比轻轨系统更具成本效益。最后，通过一系列政策模拟分析了公交资金水平和城市发展模式对公交客流量和车费回收率的影响。1999爱思唯尔科学有限公司版权所有。
This paper summarizes and updates the findings from an earlier study by the same authors of transit systems in Houston (all bus) and San Diego (bus and light rail). Both systems achieved unusually large increases in transit ridership during a period in which most transit systems in other metropolitan areas were experiencing large losses. Based on ridership models estimated using cross section and time series data, the paper quantifies the relative contributions of policy variables and factors beyond the control of transit operators on ridership growth. It is found that large ridership increases in both areas are caused principally by large service increases and fare reductions, as well as metropolitan employment and population growth. In addition, the paper provides careful estimates of total and operating costs per passenger boarding and per passenger mile for Houston's bus operator and San Diego's bus and light rail operators. These estimates suggest that the bus systems are more cost-effective than the light rail system on the basis of total costs. Finally, the paper carries out a series of policy simulations to analyze the effects of transit funding levels and metropolitan development patterns on transit ridership and farebox recovery ratio. (C) 1999 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved.