Suppression of ammonia volatilization from a paddy soil fertilized with anaerobically digested cattle slurry by wood vinegar application and floodwater management
Suppression of ammonia volatilization from a paddy soil fertilized with anaerobically digested cattle slurry by wood vinegar application and floodwater management
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DOI：
10.1111/j.1747-0765.2008.00337.x
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发表时间：
2009-02
影响因子：
2
通讯作者：
K. T. Win;K. Toyota;T. Motobayashi;M. Hosomi
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
K. T. Win;K. Toyota;T. Motobayashi;M. Hosomi
摘要畜禽粪便中氨的挥发对环境、作物营养和人体健康都有很大的危害，因此研究氨的减排策略是农业环境问题中的一个重大挑战。本研究的目的是减少稻田土壤中的氨挥发与厌氧消化牛粪（ADCS）施肥。在实验室试验中，测试了几种减缓NH3挥发的方法。在这些方法中，酸化ADCS与木醋液（WV）从pH 7.8到pH 6.0是最有效的抑制NH3挥发。将洪水的深度增加三倍也减少了80%以上的NH3挥发。蒸渗仪（1平方米，0.5米深）实验一式三份进行，具有以下处理：（1）化肥（[CF] N：P：K = 14：14：14），（2）ADCS，（3）用WV酸化ADCS至pH 6.0，（4）在ADCS施用时保持较深的洪水水位（DFW）在10 cm（在其他处理中为3-4 cm）。所有处理均施用CF或ADCS，总施肥量为30 g NH+ 4-N m−2（基施和3次追肥），不进行其他施肥。在每次施肥后1周，使用动态流动室法测量NH3挥发。结果表明，ADCS处理的NH3挥发量是CF处理的8倍左右，相当于施用NH 4 +-N的13%。通过增加WV和保持洪水水位更深，有效地减少了这种增加的N损失（63-82%）。CF处理（2880 ± 226 g [干基] m−2）和三种ADCS处理（ADCS、ADCS + WV和ADCS + DFW处理分别为3320 ± 249、2720 ± 384和3330 ± 359 g [干基] m−2）之间的生物量生产没有显著差异。这些结果表明，同时施用酸残留物（例如WV）和管理洪水水位可以减轻施用ADCS的土壤中NH3挥发的增加。
Abstract Ammonia (NH3) volatilization from animal manure application is detrimental to the environment, crop nutrition and human health and investigations into mitigation strategies are a great challenge among agro-environmental issues. The objective of the present study was to reduce NH3 volatilization in a paddy soil fertilized with anaerobically digested cattle slurry (ADCS). In laboratory experiments, several mitigation methods for NH3 volatilization were tested. Among these methods, acidification of ADCS with wood vinegar (WV) from pH 7.8 to pH 6.0 was the most effective in suppressing NH3 volatilization. Increasing the depth of the floodwater threefold also reduced NH3 volatilization by more than 80%. A lysimeter (1 m square with 0.5 m depth) experiment was conducted in triplicate with the following treatments: (1) chemical fertilizer ([CF] N:P:K = 14:14:14), (2) ADCS, (3) acidifying ADCS with WV to pH 6.0, (4) keeping a deeper floodwater level (DFW) at 10 cm at the ADCS applications (3–4 cm in the other treatments). A total fertilization of 30 g NH+ 4–N m−2 (basal and three times as a top dressing) was done for all treatments either with CF or ADCS and other fertilizations were not conducted. The NH3 volatilization was measured using the dynamic flow chamber method for 1 week after each fertilizer application. The results highlighted that the use of ADCS, instead of CF, enhanced NH3 volatilization approximately eightfold, and the total amount of NH3 volatilization corresponded to 13% of the applied NH+ 4–N in the ADCS treatment. This increased N loss was effectively (63–82%) reduced by adding WV and by keeping the floodwater level deeper. Biomass production was not significantly different between the CF (2880 ± 226 g [dry basis] m−2) treatment and the three ADCS treatments (3320 ± 249, 2720 ± 384 and 3330 ± 359 g [dry basis] m−2 in the ADCS, ADCS + WV and ADCS + DFW treatments, respectively). These results demonstrated that enhanced NH3 volatilization in soil fertilized with ADCS was mitigated by the simultaneous application of an acid residue, such as WV, and by the management of the floodwater level.