The cryptocephal gene (ATF4) encodes multiple basic-leucine zipper proteins controlling molting and metamorphosis in Drosophila.
The cryptocephal gene (ATF4) encodes multiple basic-leucine zipper proteins controlling molting and metamorphosis in Drosophila.
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隐头基因 (ATF4) 编码多种控制果蝇蜕皮和变态的碱性亮氨酸拉链蛋白。
DOI：
10.1093/genetics/155.4.1711
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发表时间：
2000
期刊：
影响因子：
3.3
通讯作者：
Taghert,PH
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Hewes,RS;Schaefer,AM;Taghert,PH
隐头突变导致果蝇蜕皮和变态过程中蜕皮激素调节事件的多效性缺陷。在这里，我们报告crcencodes果蝇同源物的脊椎动物ATF 4，一个成员的CREB/ATF家族的碱性亮氨酸拉链（bZIP）转录因子。我们确定了三个假定的蛋白质异构体。CRC-A和CRC-B含有bZIP结构域，CRC-D是C末端截短形式。我们已经产生了七个新的呼叫。与crc的分子多样性一致，这些等位基因表明crc是一个复杂的遗传位点，具有两个重叠的致死互补群。代表两组的等位基因被编码CRC-B的cDNA拯救。一个致死组（crc 1，crcR 6和crcRev 8）由与CRC-A和CRC-B突变相关的强亚型或无效等位基因组成。这些突变体显示出与幼虫蜕皮和化蛹相关的缺陷。此外，它们在化蛹过程中不能外翻头部，也不能拉长成虫盘，并且它们在随后的成虫腹部分化中显示出可变的缺陷。另一组（crcR 1，crcR 2，crcE 85，crcE 98和crc 929）与CRC-A和CRC-D的破坏有关;除了不能适当延长腿盘外，这些突变体正常启动变态。随后，他们表现出一种新的变形表型，包括头部和腹部向胸部塌陷。该基因在整个发育过程和许多组织中表达。在三龄幼虫中，crc在蜕皮激素信号传导的靶部位（如腿和翅的成虫盘）和蜕皮激素的来源环腺中表达较高。总之，这些发现暗示CREB/ATF蛋白在蜕皮和变态过程中的基本功能。此外，crc和蜕皮激素反应基因突变表型的相似性表明，这些基因可能参与共同的信号通路。
Thecryptocephal(crc) mutation causes pleiotropic defects in ecdysone-regulated events during Drosophila molting and metamorphosis. Here we report thatcrcencodes a Drosophila homolog of vertebrate ATF4, a member of the CREB/ATF family of basic-leucine zipper (bZIP) transcription factors. We identified three putative protein isoforms. CRC-A and CRC-B contain the bZIP domain, and CRC-D is a C-terminally truncated form. We have generated seven newcrcalleles. Consistent with the molecular diversity ofcrc, these alleles show thatcrcis a complex genetic locus with two overlapping lethal complementation groups. Alleles representing both groups were rescued by a cDNA encoding CRC-B. One lethal group (crc1, crcR6, and crcRev8) consists of strong hypomorphic or null alleles that are associated with mutations of both CRC-A and CRC-B. These mutants display defects associated with larval molting and pupariation. In addition, they fail to evert the head and fail to elongate the imaginal discs during pupation, and they display variable defects in the subsequent differentiation of the adult abdomen. The other group (crcR1, crcR2, crcE85, crcE98, andcrc929) is associated with disruptions of CRC-A and CRC-D; except for a failure to properly elongate the leg discs, these mutants initiate metamorphosis normally. Subsequently, they display a novel metamorphic phenotype, involving collapse of the head and abdomen toward the thorax. Thecrcgene is expressed throughout development and in many tissues. In third instar larvae,crcexpression is high in targets of ecdysone signaling, such as the leg and wing imaginal discs, and in the ring gland, the source of ecdysone. Together, these findings implicate CREB/ATF proteins in essential functions during molting and metamorphosis. In addition, the similarities between the mutant phenotypes ofcrcand the ecdysone-responsive genes indicate that these genes are likely to be involved in common signaling pathways.