An assessment of dispensing practices in private pharmacies in Dar-es-Salaam, Tanzania.
An assessment of dispensing practices in private pharmacies in Dar-es-Salaam, Tanzania.
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DOI：
10.1111/j.2042-7174.2010.00075.x
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发表时间：
2011-02-01
期刊：
影响因子：
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通讯作者：
Matowe, Lloyd
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Kagashe, Godeliver A B;Minzi, Omary;Matowe, Lloyd
目的：为了评估药物配药的私人药房在达累斯萨拉姆，坦桑尼亚的做法，并建议干预措施，以改善practice.METHODS：一个横断面调查和观察性研究的配药的做法之间的70大城市达累斯萨拉姆，Tanzania. Key Findings：有1479配药遇到记录在70家药店。这相当于分发了1573种药物。在分发的药物中，16%是抗感染药物; 45%的分发药物是客户要求的，32%是配药员推荐的，只有23%是处方药。药房咨询的主要原因是咳嗽（62%），全身疼痛（62%）和流感和感冒。疟疾占私人药房就诊的21%。在遇到咳嗽的人中，30%接受了抗生素治疗。此外，81%的腹泻患者和95%的眼耳疾病患者口服了抗生素。在628名没有处方就要求服用特定药物的客户中，只有29%的人被问及为什么需要这些药物。在购买抗生素的客户中，20%购买了不完整的剂量。总共采访了1180名客户。其中，35%的人无法重复分配器向他们提供的指示。在70配药谁给剂量指示，只有20%给他们根据guidelines. CONCLUSION：在坦桑尼亚，绝大多数比例的药物在药店出售的配药没有处方。大多数没有处方的药品是由客户要求或由配药员推荐的。在配药时，配药员很少给出剂量说明;即使他们给出，说明也往往与准则不一致。很大一部分从私人药房寻求治疗咳嗽和感冒或腹泻的客户获得抗生素。必须采取干预措施，建设配药员的能力，改善抗生素的合理使用和坦桑尼亚私营药店的腹泻管理，以便为严重依赖私营部门满足其药物需求的民众提供始终如一的优质服务。
OBJECTIVES: To assess medicine dispensing practices in private pharmacies in Dar-es-Salaam, Tanzania and recommend interventions to improve practice.METHODS: A cross-sectional survey and observational study of dispensing practices among 70 pharmacies in metropolitan Dar-es-Salaam, Tanzania.KEY FINDINGS: There were 1479 dispensing encounters recorded across the 70 pharmacies. This translated to 1573 medicines dispensed. Of the medicines dispensed, 16% were anti-infectives; 45% of the dispensed medicines were requested by the client, 32% were recommended by the dispenser and only 23% were on prescriptions. The main reasons for pharmacy consultations were coughs (62%), general pain (62%) and 'flu and colds. Malaria constituted 21% of the private pharmacy visits. Of the cough encounters, 30% received antibiotics. In addition, oral antibiotics were given to 81% of the clients with diarrhoea and to 95% of those with eye and ear problems. Of the 628 clients who requested specific medicines without a prescription, only 29% were asked questions on why the medicines were required. Of the clients who bought antibiotics, 20% bought incomplete doses. In total, 1180 clients were interviewed. Of these, 35% could not repeat the instructions given to them by the dispenser. Of the 70 dispensers who gave dosage instructions, only 20% gave them according to guidelines.CONCLUSION: In Tanzania, an overwhelming proportion of medicines sold in pharmacies are dispensed without a prescription. The majority of medicines dispensed without a prescription are either requested by the client or recommended by the dispenser. When dispensing medicines, dispensers seldom give dosage instructions; when they do, the instructions are often not consistent with guidelines. A high proportion of clients seeking management of coughs and colds or for diarrhoea from private pharmacies receive antibiotics. Interventions that build the capacity of dispensers, improve the rational use of antibiotics and the management of diarrhoea in private pharmacies in Tanzania are necessary to provide consistent quality services to a populace that relies heavily on the private sector for their medications needs.